Table 2.
Intracellular and extracellular limitations of RNAi
| Limitation | Solution(s) | References |
|---|---|---|
| A. Intracellular | ||
| mRNA targeting | Chemical modification of siRNA | 42 |
| Endosomal escape | Acid-responsive polymers/lipid complexation | 126 |
| Conjugation or complexation with fusogenic peptides | 160 | |
| B. Extracellular | ||
| Targeting to specific cells | Vector modification with targeting ligands | 104 |
| Degradation in serum | Peptide/polymer/lipid complexation | 162 |
| Chemical modification with PEG, etc. | 112, 113 | |
| Nanoparticle encapsulation | 172 | |
| Internalization | Peptide/polymer/lipid complexation for charge neutralization | 158 |
| Conjugation or complexation with CPPs | 161 | |
| Ligand modification for receptor-mediated endocytosis | 170, 171 |