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. 2019 May 1;7:268. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00268

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Copyright © 2019 Leisegang, Meutzner, Zschornak, Münchgesang, Schmid, Nestler, Eremin, Kabanov, Blatov and Meyer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Categorization of aluminum batteries in regard to their operating scheme and their used type of electrolyte. Other battery types are dual-ion batteries (Zhao et al., 2018). Below, different conceivable secondary aluminum-ion battery designs are depicted. (A) This design does not make use of the full potential of aluminum since the negative electrode is either an alloy or a non-metal. The designs in (B,C) use aluminum metal as negative electrode, (B) uses a liquid and (C) a solid electrolyte.