Table 2.
Clinical studies evaluating the association between MS components and FSD
| Study design | MS components | Population | Assessment of sexual activity | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure intervention trial (SPRINT) [33] | systemic arterial hypertension | 635 postmenopausal women | FSFI | systemic arterial hypertension was not associated with FSD |
| Observational, prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study [34] | systemic arterial hypertension | 157 postmenopausal women | FSFI | hypertension was related to sexual dysfunction |
| Cohort study [35] | systemic arterial hypertension | 540 postmenopausal women | FSFI | significant association between systemic arterial hypertension and FSD |
| Cohort study [36] | systemic arterial hypertension | 1,390 postmenopausal women | – | systemic arterial hypertension was not associated with FSD |
| Case-control study [37] | systemic arterial hypertension | 417 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | FSD was present in 42.1% of hypotensive women and 19.4% of normotensive women |
| Case-control study [38] | obesity | 120 pre- and post-menopausal women | Iranian version of FSFI | obesity was related to female sexual dysfunction |
| Case-control study [39] | obesity | 91 premenopausal women | FSFI | no significant relationship between obesity and FSD |
| Population-based study [40] | obesity | 1,266 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | no significant association between obesity and FSD |
| Case-control study [41] | dyslipidemia | 466 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI FSDS MHQ |
dyslipidemia was associated with FSD |
| Case-control study [2] | dyslipidemia | 208 menopausal women | FSFI FSDS MHQ |
hypertriglyceridemia was linked to FSD |
| Case-control study [42] | dyslipidemia | 556 premenopausal women | FSFI | women with hyperlipidemia had lower arousal, orgasm, lubrication, and satisfaction |
| Cross-sectional study [43] | diabetesmellitus | 236 premenopausal women | FSFI | FSD was present in both type 1 and type 2 diabetesmellitus |
| Case-control study [44] | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 260 premenopausal women | FSFI | type 2 diabetes was associated with lower sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction |
| Diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study (DCCT/EDIC) [45] | type 1 diabetes mellitus | 580 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | type 1 diabetes with autonomic neuropathy was associated with FSD |
| Cross-sectional single-center study [46] | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 93 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | type 2 diabetes was associated with arousal, desire, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction problems and pain during sexual intercourse |
| Case-control study [47] | type 1 diabetes mellitus | 170 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI FSDS |
type 1 diabetes was significantly associated with higher FSD frequency |
| Cross-sectional study [48] | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 150 premenopausal women | FSFI | type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with reduced lubrication, sexual desire, arousal problems, dyspareunia, orgasmic dysfunction |
| Case-control study [49] | type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus | 118 premenopausal women | FSFI | type 1, but not type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with FSD, particularly lubrication, arousal, orgasm, dyspareunia |
| Cross-sectional study [50] | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 110 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with FSD |
| Case-control study [51] | type 1 diabetes mellitus | 200 premenopausal women | FSFI | diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with FSD |
| Case-control study [52] | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 222 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with FSD |
| Cross-sectional study [53] | diabetes mellitus | 2,270 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | insulin-treated diabetes mellitus was associated to FSD, particularly reduced lubrication and orgasm |
| Case-control study [54] | type 1 diabetes mellitus | 144 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | no significant relationship between type 1 diabetesmellitus and FSD |
| Cross-section study [55] | diabetes mellitus | 544 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | diabetesMellituswas associated with orgasmic dysfunctions |
| Cross-section study [56] | diabetes mellitus | 1,291 pre- and post-menopausal women | BACH FSFI | type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with greater pain with sexual intercourse. Type 2 diabetes was related to better orgasm scores and satisfaction |
| Case-control study [57] | diabetesmellitus | 88 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | significant relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and FSD |
| Prospective cohort study [58] | type 1 diabetes mellitus | 652 pre- and post-menopausal women | FSFI | type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with loss of libido, orgasm disorders, lubrication and arousal and pain |
FSDS = Female sexual distress scale; FSFI = female sexual function index; MHQ = middlesex hospital questionnaire; BACH FSFI = Boston Area Community Health Survey Female Sexual Function Index.