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. 2019 May 1;10:518. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00518

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Copyright © 2019 Massey, Akiyama, Bien, Dreisewerd, Wittkopp, Yew and Takahashi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ebony and tan affect pigmentation and CHC composition in female Drosophila melanogaster. (A) Insect sclerotization and pigmentation synthesis pathway. Ebony converts dopamine into N-β-alanyl dopamine (NBAD) which is oxidized into yellow-colored NBAD sclerotin. Tan catalyzes the reverse reaction, converting NBAD back into dopamine that can be oxidized into black and brown melanins. (B) Photographs highlighting the effects of ebony^CRISPR(1,2) (darker) and tan^20A (lighter) on body pigmentation compared to the un-injected vasa-Cas9 control line (WT). (C) Summary of ebony^CRISPR(1,2) effects on total summed CHC classes relative to un-injected vasa-Cas9 control females. (D) Difference in log-contrast of relative CHC intensity between ebony^CRISPR(1,2) and un-injected vasa-Cas9 control flies. (E) Summary of tan^20A effects on total summed CHC classes relative to w¹¹¹⁸ Canton-S control females. For (D,E), each triangle represents a single replicate of CHCs extracted from five pooled individuals (N = 5 replicates per genotype). (F) Difference in log-contrast of relative CHC intensity between tan^20A and w¹¹¹⁸ Canton-S control flies. Results of Tukey HSD post hoc tests following one-way ANOVA are shown: ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.