Fig. 3.

TLR-4 signaling is critical for the induction of dendritic cell activation by W. bancrofti sheath antigen. a–b Effect of CLI095 (TLR4 pathway inhibitor) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, solvent control) on the expression of microfilarial sheath antigen (FSAg)-induced dendritic cell maturation markers. Representative histograms and mean ± SEM (n = 5 donors) values of CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD54 are presented. c Inhibitory effect of CLI095 on the secretion (mean ± SEM, n = 5) of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-8 (all in pg/ml) by FSAg-stimulated dendritic cells. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; ns, not significant as analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Abbreviation: Ctr, control