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. 2019 May 7;9:7006. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43411-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cellular and sub-cellular Ru(III)-complex trafficking after HoThyRu/DOTAP application to MCF-7. Ruthenium distribution between MCF-7 cells and media, plus intracellular ruthenium accumulation in cells by subcellular fractionation and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, after incubations for 24 h with 100 µM of AziRu or HoThyRu/DOTAP formulation. In the reported fractions, ruthenium content is expressed in bar graphs as percentage of the total ruthenium administered during incubations in vitro. Results derive from the average ± SEM values of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. AziRu treated cells; ***p < 0.001 vs. AziRu treated cells.