Table 1.
Review of the Literatures Concerning Upper Duodenal Involvement of UC (from 2000 to Present)
| Author (year) | Sex/age (yr) | UGI symptom | Extent of UC | History of proctocolectomy | Endoscopic features | Histologic features | Treatment | Other comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valdez et al. (2000) [7] | F/20 | Colitis symptom | E3 | (+) Subtotal colectomy | Not described | UC-like active duodenitis | Corticosteroid, sulfasalazine, metronidazole | Backwash ileitis (+) |
| F/62 | Recurrent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | E3 | (+) Total colectomy | Not described | UC-like active duodenitis | Corticosteroid, azathioprine, cyclosporine | Backwash ileitis (–) | |
| M/17 | Excessive ileostomy output | E3 | (+) Subtotal colectomy | Not described | UC-like active duodenitis | Corticosteroid | Backwash ileitis (+) | |
| Terashima et al. (2001) [8] | M/31 | Nausea, epigastralgia | E3 | (–) Subsequently, subtotal colectomy | Stenosis by mucosal edema with multiple erosions and granular change | Severe lympho- plasmacytosis with crypt abscess | Corticosteroid | Backwash ileitis (–) |
| F/30 | Nausea, epigastralgia, hematochezia | E2 | (+) Subtotal proctocolectomy | Multiple erosions and ulcers, pseudopolyposis | Severe lympho-plasmacytosis and cryptitis | Corticosteroid | Backwash ileitis (–) | |
| Rubenstein et al. (2004) [9] | M/38 | Abdominal pain, non-bloody emesis, weight loss | E3 | (+) Near total proctocolectomy | Diffusely ulcerated mucosa with patchy white exudates | Crypt distortion and plasmacytosis | Corticosteroid, azathioprine | Family history of UC (+), backwash ileitis (–) |
| Kawai et al. (2005) [10] | M/- | Persistent epigastric discomfort | - | (+) Total colectomy | Diffuse ulceration | Severe lympho-plasmacytosis | 5-ASA | - |
| Akitake et al. (2010) [12] | F/19 | Vomiting and epigastralgia | E3 | (+) Proctocolectomy | Edema and granularity | Cryptitis | Infliximab | Backwash ileitis (–) |
| Chiba et al. (2013) [15] | M/58 | Tarry stool | - | (+) Subtotal colectomy | Diffuse friable mucosa with ulcer & luminal narrowing | Marked inflammation cell infiltration with cryptitis | Infliximab | - |
| Willington et al. (2018) [16] | F/57 | Epigastric pain | - | (+) Panproctocolectomy | Severe duodenitis | Ulceration with neutrophil and plasmocytosis | Adalimumab → infliximab | - |
| Choi et al. (current study) | M/45 | Vomiting, epigastric pain | E2 | (-) Colectomy | Diffuse edematous and ulcerative inflammation | Marked inflammatory cell infiltration and cryptitis | Infliximab | Family history of UC (+), backwash ileitis (–) |
UGI, upper GI; F, female; E3, extensive colitis; M, male; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylate; E2: left-sided colitis.