Table 6. Digenic epistatic QTL (DE-QTL) detected for end-use quality traits in a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) RIL population derived from a cross between Glenn (PI-639273) and Traverse (PI-642780).
| Traita | DE-QTL Name | Env.b | Other associated traits | Chrom.1 name | Position1c | Left Marker1 | Right Marker1 | Chrom.2 name | Position2c | Left Marker2 | Right Marker2 | Associated A-QTL | LODd | PV(%)e | Additive by Additive Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA | DEQ.BA.ndsu.1A1/1A1 | II, VI, X | — | 1A1 | 5 | Kukri_c13513_759 | RAC875_c50463_808 | 1A1 | 30 | RFL_Contig1703_695 | Excalibur_rep_c92985_618 | — | 3.86 | 6.94 | 1.28 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.1A1/1A1 | VI, X | — | 1A1 | 0 | Kukri_c13513_759 | RAC875_c50463_808 | 1A1 | 120 | BobWhite_c27541_67 | IAAV2729 | — | 3.64 | 2.10 | 0.06 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.1A1/4D1 | V, X | — | 1A1 | 120 | BobWhite_c27541_67 | IAAV2729 | 4D1 | 0 | wsnp_JD_rep_c51623_35119179 | Ra_c350_837 | AQ.BA.ndsu.4D.1 | 3.58 | 1.90 | −0.12 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.1A1/4D1 | I, VIIII, X | — | 1A1 | 5 | Kukri_c13513_759 | RAC875_c50463_808 | 4D1 | 0 | wsnp_JD_rep_c51623_35119179 | Ra_c350_837 | AQ.BA.ndsu.4D.1 | 4.54 | 2.32 | −0.22 |
| MMLPW | DEQ.MMLPW.ndsu.1A1/5A1 | II, X | — | 1A1 | 35 | RFL_Contig1703_695 | Excalibur_rep_c92985_618 | 5A1 | 60 | IAAV3916 | RAC875_c54693_298 | — | 5.08 | 2.56 | −1.20 |
| MIXOPA | DEQ.MIXOPA.ndsu.1A1/7A1 | VIII, X | MMLTV | 1A1 | 125 | BobWhite_c27541_67 | IAAV2729 | 7A1 | 170 | wsnp_Ex_c6354_11053460 | BS00053365_51 | — | 4.87 | 1.27 | 0.15 |
| MMLTV | DEQ.MMLTV.ndsu.1A1/7A1 | VIII, VIIII | MIXOPA | 1A1 | 130 | BobWhite_c27541_67 | IAAV2729 | 7A1 | 180 | Excalibur_c48973_1688 | IACX6080 | — | 3.60 | 2.23 | 2.13 |
| MMLPW | DEQ.MMLPW.ndsu.1A1/7B1 | I, X | — | 1A1 | 0 | Kukri_c13513_759 | RAC875_c50463_808 | 7B1 | 0 | Tdurum_contig57324_104 | Excalibur_c21252_227 | — | 3.51 | 1.35 | 0.81 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.1A1/7D3 | II, V | MERS | 1A1 | 15 | Excalibur_c5139_198 | wsnp_Ex_c1358_2601510 | 7D3 | 20 | Kukri_c37793_135 | Kukri_c9804_462 | — | 4.73 | 1.30 | −0.30 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.1A1/7D3 | I, X | — | 1A1 | 30 | RFL_Contig1703_695 | Excalibur_rep_c92985_618 | 7D3 | 25 | IAAV6265 | BobWhite_c7263_337 | — | 3.51 | 1.90 | −0.13 |
| MERS | DEQ.MERS.ndsu.1A1/7D3 | V, X | GPC | 1A1 | 15 | Excalibur_c5139_198 | wsnp_Ex_c1358_2601510 | 7D3 | 20 | Kukri_c37793_135 | Kukri_c9804_462 | — | 5.74 | 3.16 | 1.30 |
| MMLPV | DEQ.MMLPV.ndsu.1B1/7B1 | VII, VIII | MMLTV | 1B1 | 0 | RAC875_c4385_1628 | wsnp_Ra_c23758_33291657 | 7B1 | 50 | CAP12_c1816_325 | BobWhite_c14812_828 | — | 3.88 | 8.15 | 2.56 |
| MMLTV | DEQ.MMLTV.ndsu.1B1/7B1 | VII, VIII | MMLPV | 1B1 | 5 | RAC875_c4385_1628 | wsnp_Ra_c23758_33291657 | 7B1 | 45 | CAP12_c1816_325 | BobWhite_c14812_828 | — | 4.80 | 3.46 | 3.20 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.1D1/5D1 | V, X | — | 1D1 | 20 | RAC875_c16352_594 | CAP8_c2401_433 | 5D1 | 0 | wsnp_Ku_c44483_51751682 | wsnp_JD_c825_1223454 | — | 3.96 | 1.90 | 0.33 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.2A1/2B1 | IV, VIIII | — | 2A1 | 5 | Excalibur_c51876_189 | wsnp_Ku_c10302_17079851 | 2B1 | 30 | TA002233-0872 | Ku_c36209_204 | — | 4.06 | 0.92 | 7.74 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.2A1/2B2 | I, II, X | — | 2A1 | 10 | wsnp_JD_rep_c48914_33168544 | wsnp_Ex_rep_c102538_87682273 | 2B2 | 20 | GENE-0592_352 | BS00064658_51 | — | 5.59 | 1.87 | −0.61 |
| FE | DEQ.FE.ndsu.2A1/3A2 | II, X | — | 2A1 | 105 | BobWhite_rep_c50285_616 | Tdurum_contig67827_98 | 3A2 | 0 | Ex_c35861_1382 | Tdurum_contig42150_3190 | — | 3.35 | 1.72 | −0.27 |
| MIXOPA | DEQ.MIXOPA.ndsu.2A1/3A2 | VIIII, X | — | 2A1 | 45 | Excalibur_c65910_246 | RAC875_c81899_216 | 3A2 | 45 | BobWhite_c38444_238 | RAC875_c15109_106 | AQ.BMT.ndsu.3A | 3.75 | 1.20 | −0.41 |
| MIXOPA | DEQ.MIXOPA.ndsu.2A1/5B | VIII, X | — | 2A1 | 115 | IAAV880 | CAP12_c575_105 | 5B | 225 | GENE-2471_259 | Kukri_c9285_762 | — | 4.20 | 2.59 | −0.31 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.2A1/6D1 | I, X | — | 2A1 | 0 | wsnp_Ex_c5412_9565527 | Ra_c10616_265 | 6D1 | 35 | wsnp_Ex_c23383_32628864 | BobWhite_c13435_700 | AQ.BA.ndsu.6D | 4.13 | 1.91 | −0.63 |
| MERS | DEQ.MERS.ndsu.2A1/7A1 | IV, X | — | 2A1 | 125 | CAP8_c3129_381 | Tdurum_contig92425_3144 | 7A1 | 185 | Excalibur_c1142_724 | Tdurum_contig54832_139 | — | 4.04 | 2.71 | 0.42 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.2A2/4B1 | II, III, VII, VIIII | — | 2A2 | 0 | Excalibur_c29231_932 | RAC875_c8069_1709 | 4B1 | 55 | wsnp_Ex_c26285_35532440 | RAC875_rep_c119568_203 | — | 5.00 | 2.19 | −0.21 |
| MELS | DEQ.MELS.ndsu.2B1/2B2 | I, II | — | 2B1 | 10 | BobWhite_c19554_544 | Kukri_c9785_1557 | 2B2 | 95 | BobWhite_c23046_293 | wsnp_Ex_c3695_6740339 | — | 5.49 | 1.87 | −6.74 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.2B2/1D1 | VI, VIII | — | 2B2 | 15 | BobWhite_rep_c64429_660 | Kukri_c53810_315 | 1D1 | 60 | CAP8_c1305_148 | BS00022168_51 | — | 3.37 | 0.89 | −0.13 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.2B2/1D1 | II, VI | — | 2B2 | 100 | BobWhite_c23046_293 | wsnp_Ex_c3695_6740339 | 1D1 | 45 | CAP8_c1305_148 | BS00022168_51 | — | 4.37 | 1.99 | −0.74 |
| FE | DEQ.FE.ndsu.2B2/2D2 | I, X | — | 2B2 | 170 | Excalibur_c15671_87 | Excalibur_c29221_311 | 2D2 | 5 | Kukri_c9478_2764 | Kukri_c65380_490 | — | 3.11 | 1.75 | 0.27 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.2B2/5B | IV, VI | — | 2B2 | 100 | BobWhite_c23046_293 | wsnp_Ex_c3695_6740339 | 5B | 30 | BS00064297_51 | wsnp_BE499835B_Ta_2_5 | AQ.GPC.ndsu.5B | 8.45 | 2.50 | −0.20 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.2B2/5B | II, X | — | 2B2 | 0 | BS00070900_51 | GENE-1343_315 | 5B | 125 | Kukri_c34173_169 | wsnp_Ku_c3201_5970486 | — | 5.09 | 1.51 | −0.28 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.2B2/6B1 | V, X | — | 2B2 | 25 | GENE-0592_352 | BS00064658_51 | 6B1 | 135 | wsnp_Ex_c9038_15058444 | Tdurum_contig43335_1397 | — | 4.27 | 3.25 | −0.16 |
| FE | DEQ.FE.ndsu.2B2/7D1 | II, X | — | 2B2 | 65 | Excalibur_c45094_602 | BS00040959_51 | 7D1 | 15 | wsnp_Ex_c17914_26681837 | RAC875_c11933_885 | — | 4.13 | 2.45 | −0.31 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.2B2/7D3 | V, X | — | 2B2 | 50 | RFL_Contig996_818 | Tdurum_contig30989_79 | 7D3 | 15 | Kukri_c37793_135 | Kukri_c9804_462 | — | 3.44 | 1.82 | 0.17 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.3A1/2D1 | IV, VIIII, X | — | 3A1 | 0 | Tdurum_contig74920_757 | CAP8_rep_c3652_80 | 2D1 | 10 | RAC875_c110838_423 | Kukri_c12032_508 | — | 4.35 | 1.69 | −0.17 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.3A1/6A1 | I, II | — | 3A1 | 65 | BS00077819_51 | Kukri_c51666_401 | 6A1 | 55 | BobWhite_c1131_328 | Excalibur_c29639_65 | — | 3.52 | 2.33 | 0.33 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.3A1/7A1 | I, IV | — | 3A1 | 50 | TA002540-0938 | RAC875_c52195_324 | 7A1 | 45 | BS00065020_51 | tplb0024a09_2106 | — | 4.03 | 1.31 | 0.51 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.3B1/2D2 | VII, X | — | 3B1 | 45 | wsnp_Ex_c26128_35374652 | Excalibur_c45968_83 | 2D2 | 10 | Excalibur_rep_c104620_183 | wsnp_BE426620D_Ta_2_2 | — | 5.42 | 2.23 | 0.15 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.3B2/4B1 | V, X | — | 3B2 | 30 | CAP12_c1468_114 | JD_c37202_67 | 4B1 | 45 | wsnp_CAP12_c1101_569783 | BS00042105_51 | — | 5.54 | 2.13 | 0.07 |
| FE | DEQ.FE.ndsu.3B3/4B1 | II, X | — | 3B3 | 5 | BS00087695_51 | BS00003884_51 | 4B1 | 100 | wsnp_Ra_c10988_17932922 | RAC875_rep_c82932_428 | — | 3.41 | 1.92 | 0.29 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.3B4/5B | II, VIII | — | 3B4 | 5 | BS00022154_51 | wsnp_Ex_rep_c66766_65123941 | 5B | 180 | Excalibur_c12395_467 | wsnp_Ex_c32488_41134388 | — | 3.25 | 1.44 | 0.15 |
| MIXOPA | DEQ.MIXOPA.ndsu.4A1/1B1 | I, X | — | 4A1 | 10 | BS00035307_51 | RAC875_c16277_737 | 1B1 | 60 | RAC875_c61512_173 | wsnp_Ex_c9091_15135511 | — | 3.56 | 1.21 | −0.15 |
| MERS | DEQ.MERS.ndsu.4A1/1D1 | IV, VI, X | — | 4A1 | 95 | wsnp_Ku_c4924_8816643 | Tdurum_contig42526_994 | 1D1 | 10 | Excalibur_c35316_137 | RAC875_c16352_594 | — | 5.03 | 5.59 | 1.69 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.4A1/2D2 | IV, VI | — | 4A1 | 55 | RFL_Contig5998_745 | RAC875_c65221_438 | 2D2 | 5 | Kukri_c9478_2764 | Kukri_c65380_490 | — | 4.78 | 1.44 | 11.39 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.4A1/5A1 | I, III, IV, V | — | 4A1 | 90 | Tdurum_contig47148_651 | RAC875_c25124_182 | 5A1 | 30 | Kukri_c28555_114 | wsnp_Ku_c18023_27232712 | AQ.BLV.ndsu.5A | 4.19 | 1.66 | 0.55 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.4A1/6D2 | III,VIIII | — | 4A1 | 85 | Ex_c66324_1151 | wsnp_Ex_c5470_9657856 | 6D2 | 0 | BS00022523_51 | Kukri_rep_c105352_281 | — | 3.29 | 1.04 | −0.19 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.4A1/7B1 | I, VI | — | 4A1 | 35 | wsnp_Ex_c22913_32130617 | CAP12_c2677_138 | 7B1 | 40 | BobWhite_c41356_62 | wsnp_CAP7_c44_26549 | — | 4.63 | 1.03 | −0.20 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.4A1/7B1 | VII, VIIII | — | 4A1 | 5 | BS00035307_51 | RAC875_c16277_737 | 7B1 | 80 | BobWhite_c6580_361 | wsnp_Ex_c10550_17231294 | — | 3.60 | 3.49 | 0.30 |
| MMLPW | DEQ.MMLPW.ndsu.4A1/7B1 | VIIII, X | — | 4A1 | 80 | Kukri_c27874_515 | Ex_c66324_1151 | 7B1 | 5 | Excalibur_c21252_227 | Excalibur_c8486_471 | — | 3.97 | 1.63 | 0.30 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.4B1/2D1 | IV, VII | — | 4B1 | 70 | Excalibur_c39876_403 | Kukri_c19909_733 | 2D1 | 10 | RAC875_c110838_423 | Kukri_c12032_508 | — | 4.03 | 1.00 | 0.18 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.4B1/5B | V, VII, X | — | 4B1 | 90 | wsnp_Ex_c15490_23776560 | IAAV8499 | 5B | 0 | BS00032003_51 | BS00064297_51 | AQ.GPC.ndsu.5B | 5.65 | 2.58 | 0.20 |
| MMLTV | DEQ.MMLTV.ndsu.4B1/5D1 | VII, X | — | 4B1 | 60 | RAC875_rep_c119568_203 | Tdurum_contig59914_323 | 5D1 | 20 | wsnp_Ex_c5185_9189184 | D_GDS7LZN02F4FP5_176 | — | 3.70 | 1.96 | 2.38 |
| FE | DEQ.FE.ndsu.5A1/1D1 | II, IV, VI, VII | — | 5A1 | 35 | Kukri_c28555_114 | wsnp_Ku_c18023_27232712 | 1D1 | 25 | RAC875_c16352_594 | CAP8_c2401_433 | AQ.BLV.ndsu.5A | 4.65 | 3.84 | 1.07 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.5A1/5A2 | IV, VI | — | 5A1 | 35 | Kukri_c28555_114 | wsnp_Ku_c18023_27232712 | 5A2 | 10 | BS00022683_51 | BobWhite_c17440_130 | AQ.BLV.ndsu.5A | 4.61 | 1.85 | −13.09 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.5A1/7B1 | IV, VI, X | — | 5A1 | 20 | wsnp_Ex_c31672_40435001 | Kukri_c28555_114 | 7B1 | 65 | Kukri_c18749_968 | Tdurum_contig12064_92 | — | 3.58 | 1.42 | 11.23 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.5A1/7D3 | IV, VIIII | MMLPT, MMLTV | 5A1 | 75 | BS00020605_51 | BobWhite_c11539_336 | 7D3 | 50 | Tdurum_contig46368_632 | RAC875_c68368_99 | — | 4.72 | 1.52 | −9.66 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.5A1/7D3 | I, IV | MMLTV, MMLPI | 5A1 | 70 | BS00020605_51 | BobWhite_c11539_336 | 7D3 | 45 | Tdurum_contig46368_632 | RAC875_c68368_99 | — | 4.69 | 1.63 | −0.23 |
| MMLTV | DEQ.MMLTV.ndsu.5A1/7D3 | IV, X | MMLPT, MMLPI | 5A1 | 70 | BS00020605_51 | BobWhite_c11539_336 | 7D3 | 55 | Tdurum_contig46368_632 | RAC875_c68368_99 | — | 3.17 | 2.98 | −0.64 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.5A2/7A1 | VI, X | — | 5A2 | 25 | Kukri_c41797_393 | Ex_c19057_965 | 7A1 | 80 | wsnp_Ex_c5939_10417052 | wsnp_Ex_c39221_46569987 | — | 3.88 | 4.13 | −4.30 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.5A3/2B2 | I, X | — | 5A3 | 5 | BS00099534_51 | Excalibur_c6714_246 | 2B2 | 5 | IAAV5802 | GENE-1676_1048 | — | 3.91 | 1.89 | −0.16 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.5A3/3B4 | III, VII,X | — | 5A3 | 5 | BS00099534_51 | Excalibur_c6714_246 | 3B4 | 5 | BS00022154_51 | wsnp_Ex_rep_c66766_65123941 | — | 3.62 | 1.64 | −0.15 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.5B/2D1 | V, VII, X | — | 5B | 105 | CAP12_c1419_574 | RAC875_c14780_54 | 2D1 | 0 | RAC875_c110838_423 | Kukri_c12032_508 | — | 3.79 | 2.90 | −0.07 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.5B/6D1 | VI, VIII | — | 5B | 30 | BS00064297_51 | wsnp_BE499835B_Ta_2_5 | 6D1 | 45 | wsnp_Ex_c23383_32628864 | BobWhite_c13435_700 | AQ.GPC.ndsu.5B x AQ.BA.ndsu.6D | 5.73 | 0.79 | 0.98 |
| MELS | DEQ.MELS.ndsu.5B1/6B1 | I, X | — | 5B1 | 170 | BobWhite_rep_c50349_139 | Kukri_c10508_755 | 6B1 | 100 | BS00037933_51 | BS00063217_51 | — | 3.86 | 1.51 | −0.74 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.5D1/6D1 | IV, X | — | 5D1 | 15 | BS00110953_51 | Excalibur_c16573_197 | 6D1 | 35 | wsnp_Ex_c23383_32628864 | BobWhite_c13435_700 | AQ.BMT.ndsu.5D x AQ.BA.ndsu.6D | 3.98 | 1.64 | 0.17 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.6A1/4B1 | IV, VI | — | 6A1 | 5 | RAC875_c32053_291 | BobWhite_c44549_83 | 4B1 | 110 | wsnp_Ku_c7838_13435765 | Excalibur_c26571_370 | — | 4.43 | 0.77 | 0.40 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.6A2/5B | I, X | — | 6A2 | 10 | BS00110512_51 | BS00065028_51 | 5B | 40 | BS00064297_51 | wsnp_BE499835B_Ta_2_5 | AQ.GPC.ndsu.5B | 4.88 | 2.05 | −0.59 |
| GPC | DEQ.GPC.ndsu.6B1/2D2 | II, VIIII | — | 6B1 | 100 | BS00037933_51 | BS00063217_51 | 2D2 | 0 | wsnp_RFL_Contig2659_2346243 | RAC875_c78404_242 | — | 4.89 | 2.22 | −0.18 |
| BLV | DEQ.BLV.ndsu.6D1/7D3 | II, X | — | 6D1 | 5 | BobWhite_c14066_403 | Ra_c32572_334 | 7D3 | 20 | Kukri_c37793_135 | Kukri_c9804_462 | — | 4.09 | 3.37 | 1.43 |
| MIXOPA | DEQ.MIXOPA.ndsu.7A1/7B1 | VIIII, X | — | 7A1 | 50 | tplb0024a09_2106 | Tdurum_contig98029_517 | 7B1 | 5 | Excalibur_c21252_227 | Excalibur_c8486_471 | — | 3.84 | 1.44 | 0.41 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.7A1/7D1 | I, VII | — | 7A1 | 65 | wsnp_Ex_c13337_21022241 | RAC875_c28842_99 | 7D1 | 20 | BS00066128_51 | BS00083421_51 | — | 4.04 | 2.20 | −0.32 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.7A1/7D3 | V, X | — | 7A1 | 25 | BS00106739_51 | Excalibur_rep_c68458_1536 | 7D3 | 70 | wsnp_BE490643D_Ta_2_1 | BobWhite_rep_c65034_450 | — | 5.08 | 2.28 | 0.07 |
| MMLPT | DEQ.MMLPT.ndsu.7A1/7D3 | I, X | — | 7A1 | 55 | BS00011330_51 | Tdurum_contig67992_238 | 7D3 | 75 | BobWhite_rep_c65034_450 | wsnp_CAP8_rep_c9647_4198594 | — | 4.32 | 1.81 | −0.17 |
| MIXOPA | DEQ.MIXOPA.ndsu.7A2/7B1 | VIIII, X | — | 7A2 | 10 | Kukri_c40353_179 | Excalibur_c59653_238 | 7B1 | 5 | Excalibur_c21252_227 | Excalibur_c8486_471 | — | 6.97 | 1.22 | 0.17 |
| BMT | DEQ.BMT.ndsu.7B1/7D2 | IV, VII | — | 7B1 | 110 | wsnp_Ra_c39394_47110214 | BobWhite_c26534_532 | 7D2 | 5 | Excalibur_c16580_388 | Kukri_c19321_416 | — | 3.62 | 1.65 | 0.14 |
| MMLPI | DEQ.MMLPI.ndsu.7D1/7D3 | IV, VIIII | — | 7D1 | 0 | BS00051338_51 | IAAV5917 | 7D3 | 40 | BobWhite_c7263_337 | Tdurum_contig46368_632 | — | 4.74 | 1.96 | −13.80 |
a
GPC: grain protein content, BMT: bake mixing time, BA: baking absorption, BLV: bread loaf volume, CBCL: crumb color, CTCL: crust color, FE: flour extraction rate, MIXOPA: the general mixograph pattern, MELS: mixograph envelope left slope, MERS: mixograph envelope right slope, MMLPT: mixograph MID line peak time, MMLPV: mixograph MID line peak value, MMLTV: mixograph MID line time * value, MMLPW: mixograph MID line peak width, MMLPI: mixograph MID line peak integral, DO: dough character.
b
I: Prosper 2012, II: Carrington 2012, III: Casselton 20012, IV: Prosper 2013, V: Carrington 2013, VI: Minot 2013, VII: Prosper 2014, VIII: Carrington 2014, VIII: Minot 2014, X: BLUP values across all locations.
c
centimorgan.
d
Log of the Odds.
e
Phenotypic variation.