Table 1.
Baseline characteristics at antiretroviral therapy initiation
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 90 N = 2528 (80.5%) |
60–89 N = 517 (16.5%) |
< 60 N = 93 (3.0%) |
P-value | Total N = 3138 |
||
| Age (years) | 36.2 (30.7–43.2) | 42.1 (36.2–48.1) | 41.1 (35.8–47.6) | < 0.001 | 37.3 (31.4–44.5) | |
| Female | 1807 (71.5) | 390 (75.4) | 61 (65.6) | 0.072 | 2258 (72.0) | |
| Age (years) | < 30 | 546 (21.6) | 45 (8.7) | 4 (4.3) | < 0.001 | 595 (19.0) |
| [30–40] | 1108 (43.8) | 168 (32.5) | 37 (39.8) | 1313 (41.8) | ||
| [40–50] | 598 (23.7) | 199 (38.5) | 34 (36.6) | 831 (26.5) | ||
| ≥ 50 | 276 (10.9) | 105 (20.3) | 18 (19.3) | 399 (12.7) | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2)a | 20.4 (18.3–23.1) | 21.1 (18.6–24.1) | 19.5 (17.4–22.2) | < 0.001 | 20.5 (18.3–23.3) | |
| BMI (Kg/m2)a | < 18.5 | 694 (27.5) | 123 (24.0) | 38 (40.9) | < 0.001 | 855 (27.3) |
| [18.5–25] | 1483 (58.8) | 287 (55.9) | 48 (51.6) | 1818 (58.1) | ||
| [25–30] | 268 (10.6) | 70 (13.7) | 6 (6.4) | 344 (11.0) | ||
| ≥ 30 | 77 (3.1) | 33 (6.4) | 1 (1.1) | 111 (3.6) | ||
| HIV type | 1 | 2371 (93.8) | 476 (92.1) | 91 (97.8) | 0.326 | 2938 (93.6) |
| 1 + 2 | 92 (3.6) | 23 (4.4) | 1 (1.1) | 116 (3.7) | ||
| 2 | 65 (2.6) | 18 (3.5) | 1 (1.1) | 84 (2.7) | ||
| WHO stagea | 1 | 638 (25.3) | 99 (19.4) | 8 (8.6) | < 0.001 | 745 (23.8) |
| 2 | 587 (23.3) | 111 (21.7) | 20 (21.5) | 718 (23.0) | ||
| 3 | 1118 (44.3) | 252 (49.3) | 48 (51.6) | 1418 (45.4) | ||
| 4 | 178 (7.1) | 49 (9.6) | 17 (18.3) | 244 (7.8) | ||
| CD4 count (cells/μl)a | 188 (91–288) | 169 (93–253) | 120 (56–206) | < 0.001 | 183 (89–279) | |
| CD4 count < 200 cells/μla | 1331 (53.4) | 295 (57.8) | 64 (73.6) | < 0.001 | 1690 (54.7) | |
| CD4 count < 100 cells/μla | 674 (27.1) | 139 (27.3) | 40 (46.0) | 0.001 | 853 (27.6) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)a | 10.7 (9.5–12) | 10.9 (9.3–12.0) | 9.0 (7.6–10.5) | < 0.001 | 10.7 (9.5–12) | |
| Cholesterol (mmol/ml)a | 3.5 (2.8–4.1) | 3.9 (3.1–4.8) | 3.7 (3.0–4.4) | < 0.001 | 3.5 (2.8–4.2) | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/ml)a | 1 (0.7–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | |
| ALT (U/L)a | 18 (12–28) | 18 (12–30) | 19 (13–33) | 0.406 | 18 (12–29) | |
| Glycemia (mmol/ml)a | 4.8 (4.4–5.2) | 5 (4.6–5.5) | 4.9 (4.5–5.4) | < 0.001 | 4.8 (4.4–5.3) | |
| Diabetesa | 10 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.1) | 0.317 | 12 (0.4) | |
| High blood pressurea | 187 (7.5) | 67 (13.2) | 13 (14.0) | < 0.001 | 267 (8.6) | |
| initial antiretroviral therapies | ||||||
| AZT/3TC + NNRTI | 1031 (40.8) | 201 (38.9) | 23 (24.7) | < 0.001 | 1255 (40.0) | |
| AZT/3TC + PI | 157 (6.2) | 41 (7.9) | 4 (4.3) | 202 (6.4) | ||
| TDF/3TC or TDF/FTC + NNRTI | 798 (31.5) | 179 (36.6) | 25 (26.9) | 1002 (31.9) | ||
| TDF/3TC or TDF/FTC + PI | 68 (2.7) | 15 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 83 (2.6) | ||
| TDF/FTC + RAL | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.0) | ||
| d4T/3TC + NNRTI | 399 (15.8) | 68 (13.1) | 17 (18.3) | 484 (15.4) | ||
| d4T/3TC + PI | 68 (2.7) | 6 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 74 (2.4) | ||
| ABC/3TC + NNRTI | 4 (0.2) | 6 (1.2) | 23 (24.7) | 33 (1.1) | ||
| ABC/3TC + AZT | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | ||
| ABC/3TC or ABC/ddI + PI | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (0.1) | ||
Data are median (IQR) or n (%); eGFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, BMI body mass index, WHO World Health Organization, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AZT Zidovudine, 3TC Lamivudine, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, TDF Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, FTC emtricitabine, d4T Stavudine, PI protease inhibitor, ABC abacavir, ddI didanosine
aThere were 2 missing data for marital status, 10 missing data for BMI, 13 missing data for WHO stage, 49 missing data for CD4 count, 76 missing data for hemoglobin, 34 missing data for blood pressure, 29 missing data for glycemia, 64 missing data for ALT, 1131 missing data for cholesterol and 1133 missing data for triglyceride