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. 2019 May 7;19:92. doi: 10.1186/s12874-019-0736-6

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

A framework situating designs according to evaluation questions. The x-axis presents the internal validity - external validity continuum. The continuum between process, mechanism and effects is represented on the y-axis. Finally, the transverse axis positions the various methods according to the research question, from efficacy studies to implementation research