Table 2.
Complications of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes for women with any type of diabetes, or without diabetes in Kronoberg
| Pregnancy outcomes | T1DM | T2DM | P | PDM | GDM | P | Diabetes | No Diabetes | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 37 | 11 | 48 | 97 | 145 | 135 | |||
| Caesarian section (CS) | 15 (41%) | 5 (46%) | 0.16 | 20 (42%) | 24 (25%) | 0.03 | 44 (30%) | 25 (19%) | 0.05 a 0.0001 |
| Preeclampsia | 7 (19%) | 3 (27%) | 0.68 | 10 (21%) | * | * | * | 10 (7%) | 0.15a |
| Birth < 37 weeks gestation | 13 (35%) | 5 (46%) | 0.15 | 18 (38%) | 12 (12%) | 0.001 | 30 (21%) | 8 (6%) | 0.0001 |
| Large for gestational age (LGA) | 22 (60%) | 3 (27%) | 0.15 | 25 (52%) | 13 (13%) | 0.0001 | 38 (26%) | 23 (17%) | 0.06 |
| Birth weight > 4500 g | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (9%) | 0.38 | 2 (4.3%) | 6 (6.3%) | 1.0 | 8 (5.6%) | 7 (5.2%) | 1.0 |
| APGAR score < 7 (at 5th min after delivery) | 6 (16%) | 2 (18%) | 1.0 | 8 (17%) | 4 (4.1%) | 0.02 | 12 (8.3%) | 4 (3.0%) | 0.07 |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia | 12 (32%) | 1 (9%) | 0.07 | 13 (27%) | * | * | * | * | * |
| Congenital malformations | 1 (2.7%) | 2 (18%) | 0.08 | 3 (6.3%) | * | * | * | 4 (2.9%) | 0.06a |
| Perinatal/intrauterine mortality | 0 (0%) | 1 (9%) | 0.23 | 3 (6.3%) | * | * | * | * | * |
| Shoulder dystocia | 1 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.16 | 1 (2.1%) | * | * | * | 3 (2.2%) | 0.24a |
T1DM: type1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus, PDM: pregestational diabetes mellitus, GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus
*Information regarding preeclampsia, neonatal hypoglycemia, congenital malformations, perinatal/intrauterine mortality and shoulder dystocia was not available for the GDM group. Figures are n (%). aComparison PDM vs no diabetes