Fig. 1. LGG treatment rescues neonates from Salmonella challenge. A Kaplan–Meier plot of survivability of neonates (A, B). A: Neonates challenged with Salmonella at 10⁶ CFU per mouse showing 50% mortality on day 8 post infection. Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) at 10⁷ CFU per mouse dosage was toxic to neonates. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (LDB) at 10⁷ CFU per mouse was also toxic to neonates. All mice (n = 15) that were treated with either LA or LDB on day 4 and continued until the end died by day 15 following Salmonella (10⁷ CFU per mouse) infection on day 5. B: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) at a dosage of 10⁷ CFU per mouse could protect 80% of mice beyond day 15. C: Infection severity index calculated for neonates in each interval post infection and treatment. D: ST count using the culture method in caecal matter of neonates on day 8 pi (P value <0.05). E: ST count using the culture method in the liver of neonates on day 8 post infection (pi) (P value <0.01). F: ST count using the culture method in the spleen on day 8 pi (P value <0.05). Unpaired t-test was performed to calculate the significant values for (D, E, and F). Each group consisted of n = 15 neonatal mice.