Table 2.
Comparative in vitro activity of eravacycline against selected Gram-negative clinical isolates
| Pathogen (references) | Total no. of isolates | MIC90 (μg/mL; range across studies) [% susceptible; CLSI or FDA/EUCAST] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERV [NA] | TGC | MEM | TZP | ||
| Aerobes | |||||
| Citrobacter freundii [16, 18] | 134 | 1–2 | 2 [94.7/NR] | ≤ 0.03 [100/NR] | 64 to < 128 [84.2/NR] |
| Enterobacter spp. [25] | 1268 | 0.5 | 1 [96/NA] | 0.12 [99/NR] | |
| E. cloacae [16–18, 20] | 966 | 0.5–2 | 1–2 [94.3–97/NA] | ≤ 0.12 [96–98.9/NR] | ≥64 [85.1/NR] |
| E. cloacae MDR [20] | 107 | 0.25 | 1 [NR] | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae [19, 22, 23, 25] | 15,240 | 2 | 4 [90/NA] | 0.06 [98.3/NR] | |
| Enterobacteriaceae CR [19, 22, 23] | 623 | 2 | 4 [NR] | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae ESBL + [19, 22] | 179 | 1–2 | 4 [NR] | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae ESC-R [23] | 1406 | 2 | 4 [NR] | ||
| Enterobacteriaceae MDR [23] | 1235 | 2 | 8 [NR] | ||
| Escherichia coli [17, 18, 20, 25] | 4575 | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5 to > 16 [99.8/NR] | 0.03 to ≤ 0.12 [99.8/NR] | >64 [NR] |
| E. coli MDR [20] | 107 | 0.25 | 1 [NR] | ||
| E. coli ESBL + [16] | 141 | 0.5 | 0.5 [100/NR] | ≤ 0.03 [100/NR] | 16 [92.2/NR] |
| E. coli ESBL − [16] | 1036 | 0.25 | 0.5 [99.9/NR] | ≤ 0.03 [100/NR] | 4 [98.4/NR] |
| Klebsiella spp. [25] | 1388 | 1 | 2 [95.5/NR] | 0.06 [97.4/NR] | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca [16, 18] | 136 | 0.5–1 | 0.5–2 [98.9/NR] | ≤ 0.03 [100/NR] | 16–128 [87.5/NR] |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae [17, 18, 20] | 1853 | 1–2 | 2 [95/NR] | 4 [87/NR] | > 128 [NR] |
| K. pneumoniae ESBL + [16] | 21 | 2 | 2 [90.5/NR] | 0.25 [90.5/NR] | >512 [61.9/NR] |
| K. pneumoniae ESBL − [16] | 360 | 0.5 | 1 [95.6/NR] | ≤ 0.03 [99.7/NR] | 8 [99.2/NR] |
| K. pneumoniae MDR [20] | 138 | 2 | 4 [NR] | ||
| Anaerobes | |||||
| Bacteroides fragilis group [15] | 286 | 1 | 8 [96.9/NA] | 2 [99/99] | 32 [99.3/89.2] |
| Bacteroides caccae [15] | 10 | 0.5 | 4 [100/NA] | 1 [100/100] | 4 [100/100] |
| B. fragilis [15] | 110 | 1 | 8 [95.5/NA] | 2 [98.2/98.2] | 8 [99.1/98.2] |
| Bacteroides ovatus [15] | 30 | 1 | 8 [100/NA] | 2 [100/100] | 32 [100/86.7] |
| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron [15] | 70 | 1 | 8 [95.7/NA] | 1 [100/100] | 32 [100/80] |
| Bacteroides uniformis [15] | 15 | 1 | 4 [100/NA] | 2 [100/100] | 32 [100/86.7] |
| Bacteroides vulgatus [15] | 18 | 0.5 | 8 [100/NA] | 4 [94.4/94.4] | 32 [94.4/88.9] |
| Parabacteroides distasonis [15] | 26 | 1 | 8 [96.2/NA] | 4 [100/100] | 32 [100/73.1] |
Pathogens against which eravacycline has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials [11, 13]. Studies involving > 500 clinical isolates collected in Canada (2014–2015 [16]), EU (2015 [22]; 2016 [19]), USA (2012–2015 [15]; 2013–2014 [17]; 2013–2016 [25]; year(s) not stated [18]) or globally (2013–2015 [23]; year(s) not stated [20]); not all studies assessed all drugs or reported susceptibility. Abstract presentations [19, 20, 22, 23, 25]
CR carbapenem-resistant, ERV eravacycline, ESBL extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ESC-R extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant, MDR multi-drug resistant, MEM meropenem, MIC90 minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 90% of isolates, NA not applicable/no breakpoint, NR not reported, TGC tigecycline, TZP piperacillin/tazobactam