Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 May 7;9:7057. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43468-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Interaction of inductive condensates with epithelial cells (a): Human gingival keratinocytes do not condensate in vitro in ultra-ow attachment plates when cultured alone. In co-culture with 24 h-old DPC condensates they accumulate around the DPC condensate (a’), enwrap it (a”) and after 4 weeks a dense co-culture aggregate has formed (a”’). Immunohistological analyses (b–f’) show a structured organization within the co-culture aggregate after 4 weeks. Collagen Type IV (b) and Collagen Type I (c) are located in the middle cell layer with a visible accumulation on the tissue borders. Epithelial-specific keratins such as Cytokeratin 8/18 (d) and Cytokeratin 15 (e) are located in the outer layer of the co-culture aggregate and in the inner core. The mesenchyme marker Vimentin (f) is expressed by the middle layer of cells. Note the columnar arrangement of the epithelial cells in the inner core on the epithelium-mesenchyme border (f’, arrow tips). Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (g) shows an epithelial-band-like structure indicating the migration of the keratinocyte into the mesenchymal condensate. In (h) a co-culture aggregate was analyzed in 2-photon microscopy without labelling and an excitation wavelength of λ = 1300 nm using the SHG effect (red channel) and autofluorescence (blue and green channel). In (i) the two interacting cell types were labelled and tracked under fluorescent microscopy. DPCs were transduced to express GFP (green) and gingival keratinocytes were labelled with CellTrackerRed (red). Also, here the self-assembly and tissue organization in the in vitro culture is evident.