Table 2.

Clinical trials of computer-aided psychometric tests for screening MHE

Computer-aided psychometric tests	Study	Nationality	No. of patients with cirrhosis	Reference standard	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC
Scan test	Amodio et al. (42)	Italy	32	EEG	36	90	-
CDR assessment battery	Mardini et al. (22)	United Kingdom	89	PHES	86.4	81	0.917
ICT	Bajaj et al. (5)	United States	50	SPT	90	90	0.958
	Bajaj et al. (47)	United States	136	SPT	88	77	0.902
	Gupta et al. (29)	India	200	PHES	92.6	78.5	0.855
	Taneja et al. (54)	India	102	PHES	78	65.6	0.735
	Sharma et al. (51)	India	50	PHES	88.5	56	0.695
	Amodio et al. (53)	Italy	75	PHES	82.5	72.6	0.810
EncephalApp Stroop App	Bajaj et al. (23)	United States	125	SPT	78	90	0.890
	Bajaj et al. (59)	United States	167	SPT	89.1	82.1	0.910
	Allampati et al. (60)	United States	437	PHES	72	88	0.800
CFF	Romero et al. (66)	Spain	114	PHES	77	73	0.754
	Dhiman et al. (65)	India	100	PHES	35	92	-
	Kircheis et al. (64)	Germany	148	PHES	97	100	-

MHE: minimal hepatic encephalopathy; CDR: Cognitive Drug Research system; ICT: inhibitory control test; EEG: electroencephalography; SPT: standard psychometric tests; PHES: psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score; CFF: critical flicker frequency; AUC: area under the receiving operative curve