Figure 7. Measurements of the systemic inflammatory cytokine levels of serum IL-1β and IL-6 following i.v. injection of oxidized and HP-conjugated NDs into mice.

Normal saline and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) served as the negative and positive controls, respectively. The levels measured for both cytokines showed no significant inflammation induced by the ND, PA-ND, and HP-PA-ND particles at the dose of 50 mg/kg, in marked difference to the LPS treatment (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001). The experiments were repeated in triplicate.