| 1 |
Álvarez-Franco [23] |
2013 |
Colombia (Americas) |
Upper Middle |
Women |
Urban |
Phenomenology with multiple interviews and observations |
8 women |
C+ |
| 2 |
Dunning [24] |
2016 |
UK (European) |
High |
Women |
Urban |
Phenomenology with interviews and observations |
11 women (and 6 partners) |
B+ |
| 3 |
Robertson [25] |
2017 |
Canada (Americas) |
High |
Women |
Urban |
Based on an online survey AND focus groups |
8 women |
C+ |
| 4 |
Snowdon [26] |
2012 |
UK (European) |
High |
Women & partners |
Urban |
Phenomenology including interviews with women and partners |
9 women (and 6 partners) |
B |
| 5 |
Thompson [27](a) |
2011 |
New Zealand & Australia (Western Pacific) |
High |
Women |
Urban |
Prospective mixed methods study utilizing survey data plus qualitative analysis of narrative data. |
171 women (completed the initial survey) |
B |
| 6 |
Kalim [28] |
2009 |
Bangladesh (South-East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Women |
Rural |
Based on surveys and case studies plus interviews with women |
38 women plus mother-in-laws |
C+ |
| 7 |
Ononge [29] |
2016 |
Uganda (African) |
Low |
Women & TBA's |
Rural |
Phenomenology utilizing in depth interviews with women and TBA's |
15 women and 6 TBA's. |
A- |
| 8 |
Sibley [30] |
2007 |
Bangladesh (South-East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Women & TBA's |
Rural |
Survey based with semi-structured interview questions delivered verbally |
80 women (plus TBA's) |
C+ |
| 9 |
Jangsten [31] |
2010 |
Angola (African) |
Lower Middle |
Women |
Urban |
Qualitative analysis of open ended questions on a survey with women |
102 women |
C |
| 10 |
Matsuyama [32] |
2008 |
Nepal (South-East Asian) |
Low |
Women, Mothers-in-law & Husbands |
Urban & Rural |
Grounded theory approach supplemented by case histories |
28 participants |
B |
| 11 |
Asowa-Omorodion [33] |
1997 |
Nigeria (African) |
Lower Middle |
Women |
Rural |
Anthropological investigation using focus groups with women |
20 focus groups with 8–12 women in each |
C |
| 12 |
Fikree [34] |
2004 |
Pakistan (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Women & TBA's |
Urban |
Mixed-methods approach utilizing a survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews with women and TBA's |
5 focus groups with 8–10 participants plus 15 in depth interviews. |
C+ |
| 13 |
Thompson [35](b) |
2010 |
Australia (Western Pacific) |
High |
Women |
Urban |
Prospective mixed methods study utilizing surveys plus qualitative analysis of narrative data. |
171 women (completed the initial survey) |
B |
| 14 |
Sacks [36] |
2017 |
Uganda & Zambia (African) |
Low/Lower Middle |
Women |
Rural |
Evaluation as part of a larger initiative to increase facility birth |
48 focus groups including 393 women |
C |
| 15 |
Begley [37] |
2012 |
New Zealand & Ireland (Western Pacific & European) |
High |
Midwives |
Urban |
Qualitative descriptive using in-depth interviews and a focus group |
27 midwives (18 from NZ and 9 from Ire) |
A- |
| 16 |
Jangsten [38] |
2010 |
Sweden (European) |
High |
Midwives |
Urban |
Qualitative descriptive informed by focus groups |
32 midwives in 8 focus groups with 3–8 participants in each. |
B |
| 17 |
Kanikasamy [39] |
2007 |
UK (European) |
High |
Midwives |
Urban |
Mixed-method approach with surveys |
10 midwives |
C |
| 18 |
Schack [40] |
2014 |
Ghana (African) |
Lower Middle |
Midwives |
Urban |
Qualitative descriptive informed by individual interviews |
12 midwives |
A- |
| 19 |
Deepak [41] |
2013 |
India (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Providers & Women and mother-in-laws |
Urban & Rural |
Qualitative descriptive informed by individual interviews |
140 interviews with a variety of stakeholders |
B- |
| 20 |
Bazzano [42] |
2014 |
Cambodia (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Providers (managerial) |
National and local policy level providers |
Qualitative individual interviews and analysis of government and NGO reports |
21 stakeholders |
C |
| 21 |
Beltman [43] |
2013 |
Malawi (African) |
Low |
Healthcare Workers |
Rural |
Qualitative descriptive using focus group discussions with pertinent stakeholders |
29 stakeholders (8 clinical officers, 14 nurse-midwives and 7 medical assistants) |
C+ |
| 22 |
bij de Vaate [44] |
2002 |
Gambia (African) |
Low |
TBA's (Trained) |
Rural |
Qualitative descriptive using interviews and focus groups in an iterative, reflective manner |
22 TBA's focus groups with 6–10 participants |
B- |
| 23 |
Braddick [45] |
2016 |
Uganda (African) |
Low |
Healthcare Professionals |
Urban & Rural |
Observational data and information from interviews with healthcare professionals |
18 participants including 4 doctors and 14 midwives (3 from the community settings) |
B |
| 24 |
Garcia [46] |
2012 |
Guatemala (Americas) |
Upper Middle |
TBA's |
Rural |
Qualitative descriptive study with 1 focus group |
13 TBA's (midwives) |
B+ |
| 25 |
Collins [47] |
2016 |
Madagascar (African) |
Low |
Matrones, Midwives & Physicians |
Urban & Rural - |
Qualitative descriptive interviews with a variety of different healthcare workers |
12 interviews with various providers. Plants also collected to assess uterotonic properties |
A- |
| 26 |
Ith [48] |
2013 |
Cambodia (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
SBA's |
Urban & rural |
Qualitative descriptive informed by interviews and focus groups |
25 SBA's via interviews and focus groups |
A- |
| 27 |
Natarajan [49] |
2016 |
Sierra Leone (African) |
Low |
Providers |
Urban |
Evaluation of a PPH training package utilizing surveys and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders |
134 providers completed the survey and (x) of these were interviewed |
C |
| 28 |
Ngunyulu [50] |
2015 |
South Africa (African) |
Upper Middle |
TBA's |
Rural |
Qualitative exploratory design to compare TBA practices of PN care (from interview data) with 'Western' practices derived from a literature review |
15 interviews with TBA's |
C+ |
| 29 |
Radoff [51] |
2013 |
Guatemala (Americas) |
Upper Middle |
TBA's (and auxiliary nurses) |
Rural - |
Qualitative descriptive with focus groups with population of interest |
5 FGD's with 30 TBA's and 9 AN's |
B- |
| 30 |
Sanghvi [52] |
2004 |
Indonesia (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Community midwives, TBA's and CHW's (and women) |
Rural - |
Non-randomized experimental design with qualitative interviews to inform acceptability/feasibility aspects |
70 providers including 2 FGD's with m/w and 21 interviews with m/w, TBA's or com/ workers |
C+ |
| 31 |
Than [53] |
2017 |
Myanmar (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Midwives, auxiliary midwives and community members |
Rural |
Qualitative descriptive interviews and focus groups with a variety of providers and community members |
15 m/w and 33 AMWs 2 and 5 FGDs respectively plus 36 community reps participated in the FGDs, |
B |
| 32 |
Woiski [54] |
2015 |
Netherlands (European) |
High |
Healthcare professionals (and women) |
Urban |
Qualitative descriptive with interviews and focus groups |
41 different health professionals (9 Obs, 8 Obs in training, 15 midwives & 9 Obs Nurses) in 4 FGD's |
B+ |
| 33 |
Atukunda [55] |
2015 |
Uganda (African) |
Low |
Government Officials, CSO Representatives and secondary healthcare managers |
National—within the context of policy development |
Project evaluation looking at availability and distribution of medicines in Africa using interviews with key stakeholders. |
82 interviews with a range of officials, representatives and providers. Limited procedural details given |
B- |
| 34 |
Durham [56] |
2016 |
Lao PDR (South East Asian) |
Lower Middle |
Government Officials, CSO’s, healthcare managers and healthcare professionals |
Urban & rural |
Qualitative exploratory with interviews supplemented by quantitative 'frequency of response' data |
35 interviews using a semi-structured format |
B+ |
| 35 |
Spangler [57] |
2014 |
Ethiopia (African) |
Low |
Government Officials, CSO’s, healthcare managers and healthcare professionals |
Regional |
Qualitative evaluation of an intervention at national, regional and local levels |
42 semi-structured interviews with relevant officials |
B |
