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. 2019 May 3;11:45–57. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S195563

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© 2019 Figueiro et al.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

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Schematic diagram of the within-subjects, crossover design schedule for lighting conditions, auditory performance testing (GNG and TD tasks), sleep questionnaire administration (QT1–QT5), and circadian system biomarker measurements (cortisol and melatonin, BT1–BT3) for all experimental sessions. The 90-min sleep opportunity period included a 30-min window for the participants to fall asleep, and participants were expected to sleep for at least 1 hr. During the red light mask condition, participants’ eyes were closed during the sleep period and the light stimulus was received through their eyelids. The order of conditions for each of the study cohorts is shown on the right.

Abbreviations: BT, biomarker time; GNG, go/no-go task; QT, questionnaire time; TD, target detection task.