Figure 5. Effects of ursolic acid (UA) on reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) in NCIH292 cells. NCI-H292 cells (1×105 cells/well) were incubated with UA (12 μM) for different time (0, 1,3, 6, 9, and 12 h for reactive oxygen species assay and 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for intracellular Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential) and were measured for ROS (A), Ca2+ (B), and ΔΨm (C) as described in the Materials and Methods. *Significantly different from the control group (C) at p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA.