Table I.
Exclusions applied, based on maternal or infant diagnoses or pharmacy fills
| Exclusion types | Name | ICD-9 code or other codes | Risk window for exclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teratogenic medications | Acitretin | Not applicable, medications identified by Generic Product Identifier codes | One more pharmacy fill 6 months before pregnancy start through end of pregnancy |
| Amiodarone | |||
| Azathioprine | |||
| Bexarotene | |||
| Carbamazepine | |||
| Dronedarone | |||
| Isotretinoin | |||
| Lithium | |||
| Misoprostol | |||
| Methotrexate | |||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | |||
| Phenobarbital | |||
| Phenytoin | |||
| Primidone | |||
| Topiramate | |||
| Thalidomid | |||
| Valproic acid | |||
| Warfarin | |||
| Teratogenic infections | Cytomegalovirus | 078.5x | One or more diagnoses in mother’s records during pregnancy or in infant's records during first year of life |
| Syphilis | 091.x−097.x, 647.0x | ||
| Rubella | 056.xx, 647.5x, 655.3,771.0 | ||
| Toxoplasmosis | 130.x, 647.8x, 771.2 | ||
| Varicella | 052.x | ||
| Chromosomal anomalies | Trisomy 21 | 758.0x | One or more diagnoses in infant's records during the first year of life |
| Trisomy 13 | 758.1x | ||
| Trisomy 18 | 758.2x | ||
| Cri-du-chat | 758.31 | ||
| 22q11.2 deletion syndrome | 758.32, 279.11 | ||
| Miller-Dieker syndrome | 758.33 | ||
| Smith-Magenis syndrome | 758.33 | ||
| Gonadal dysgenesis | 758.6 | ||
| Klinefelter syndrome | 758.7 | ||
| Maternal comorbidities | Diabetes | 250.xx | One or more diagnoses from 6 months before pregnancy through first trimester |
| Malignant neoplasms | 140-208 | ||
| Live virus vaccines | Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin | Identified through Health Level-7 codes | One or more live virus vaccines administered in first trimester of pregnancy |
| Live attenuated influenza | |||
| Live oral typhoid | |||
| Measles-mumps-rubella | |||
| Rabies | |||
| Rotavirus | |||
| Varicela | |||
| Yellow fever |