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Pathophysiology of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) - Modified from [14].
CM: contrast media, CKD: chronic kidney disease, RBF: renal blood flow, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, sCr: serum creatinine, ROS: reactive oxygen species, MN: micronuclei, BNMN: binucleated cells with micronuclei, ADMA: asymmetric dimethylarginine, SDMA: symmetric dimethylarginine.
