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. 2019 May 9;14:125. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1161-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — The immobilization-induced joint contracture rat model was established. a Rat right hind limb was immobilized by internal fixation to induce joint contracture. b After 8 weeks of immobilization, total knee extension range of motion (ROM) was analyzed. c Joint contracture was observed in the rat right limb after the skin, muscle, and plastic plate of the femur and tibia were removed