Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants According to Presence or Absence of TRDED
| Characteristic | TRDED | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | (−) | (+) | P Value | |
| (n=12 242) | (n=12 077) | (n=165) | ||
| Sex (male, %) | 10 158 (83) | 10 024 (83) | 134 (81) | 0.544 |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 48±9 | 48±9 | 50±8 | 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.8±4.6 | 25.8±4.6 | 26.1±4.5 | 0.386 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 131±16 | 131±16 | 134±21 | 0.033 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 80±11 | 80±11 | 80±13 | 0.728 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 50±11 | 50±11 | 54±14 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 6.9±1.4 | 6.9±1.4 | 9.0±2.3 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol), mean (SD) | 52±16 | 51±15 | 75±25 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 7.8±2.3 | 7.7±2.2 | 10.3±4.2 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 3.4±0.9 | 3.4±0.9 | 3.3±0.9 | 0.644 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.5±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | 0.288 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.0–2.2) | 1.4 (1.0–2.2) | 1.4 (1.0–2.2) | 0.511 |
| Current smoking (%) | 5009 (41) | 4949 (41) | 60 (36) | 0.231 |
Data are presented as numbers, means±SDs, median (IQR), or percentages. HbA1c indicates hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; TRDED, treatment‐required diabetic eye diseases.