Table 2.
Patient and Hospital Characteristics for Index and Follow‐up Cohorts
| Overall Follow‐up Cohort (n=11 599)a | Subgroup Randomly Selected for Index Hospital Bill Collection (n=4619) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Age, y | ||
| <55 | 32.6 | 35.6 |
| 55 to 64 | 33.6 | 34.1 |
| 65 to 74 | 21.8 | 20.6 |
| ≥75 | 12.0 | 9.7 |
| Women | 28.0 | 26.0 |
| White | 88.4 | 87.7 |
| Hispanic | 3.3 | 4.0 |
| ≥High school education | 88.4 | 89.7 |
| Employed | 50.0 | 53.2 |
| Health insurance | ||
| Private | 64.8 | 66.1 |
| Government | 20.6 | 18.4 |
| None | 14.6 | 15.5 |
| Comorbid illness | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 66.1 | 64.4 |
| Hypertension | 67.5 | 65.3 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 6.4 | 5.5 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 5.4 | 4.7 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26.5 | 26.1 |
| Chronic lung disease | 9.9 | 9.3 |
| Smoker (within the past year) | 38.0 | 39.3 |
| GI/GU bleeding in the past 6 mo | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Creatinine | ||
| <30 mg/dL | 3.9 | 3.1 |
| 30 to 44 mg/dL | 9.0 | 8.1 |
| 45 to 59 mg/dL | 16.8 | 15.4 |
| ≥60 mg/dL | 70.4 | 73.4 |
| Severity of cardiac disease/presentation acuity | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 4.7 | 4.3 |
| Prior MI | 19.5 | 17.8 |
| Prior CABG | 9.3 | 8.5 |
| Prior PCI | 21.6 | 19.8 |
| HF | ||
| Signs within 2 wks before admission | 6.6 | 5.0 |
| History without signs within 2 wks of admission | 3.4 | 2.8 |
| EF <40% | 12.6 | 12.5 |
| Left main disease | 2.9 | 2.6 |
| No. of diseased vessels | ||
| ≤1 | 50.9 | 52.2 |
| 2 | 31.6 | 30.5 |
| ≥3 | 17.5 | 17.3 |
| Lesion length (sum, mm) | ||
| <15 | 20.0 | 19.1 |
| 15 to 22 | 29.1 | 29.8 |
| 23 to 30 | 25.4 | 26.0 |
| ≥31 | 25.5 | 25.2 |
| Bifurcated culprit lesion | 11.2 | 11.3 |
| Culprit lesion in graft | 4.5 | 3.8 |
| STEMI on presentation | 51.8 | 54.1 |
| Cardiac arrest on presentation | 3.0 | 3.2 |
| Cardiogenic shock on presentation | 2.1 | 2.3 |
| Heart rate on presentation, beats per min | ||
| <60 | 12.9 | 12.7 |
| 60 to 100 | 74.7 | 73.7 |
| >100 | 12.4 | 13.6 |
| Hemoglobin on presentation, g/dL | ||
| <13 | 22.0 | 19.5 |
| 13 to <15 | 40.9 | 40.9 |
| ≥15 | 37.1 | 39.6 |
| GRACE index mortality risk score | ||
| Low (<109) | 81.4 | 84.4 |
| Moderate (109–140) | 15.6 | 13.3 |
| High (>140) | 3.0 | 2.3 |
| ACTION bleed risk score | ||
| Very low | 22.7 | 23.2 |
| Low | 56.3 | 57.5 |
| Moderate | 17.9 | 16.8 |
| High | 2.6 | 2.0 |
| Very high | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Well‐being before admission | ||
| EQ‐5D visual analog scaleb | 71 (19) | 71 (19) |
| EQ‐5D scoresc | ||
| Mobility (some problems/confined to bed) | 20.9/1.4 | 18.4/1.5 |
| Self‐care (some problems/unable) | 7.3/0.9 | 6.6/0.9 |
| Usual activities (some problems/ unable) | 20.9/5.2 | 18.9/4.6 |
| Pain (moderate/ extreme) | 31.0/3.4 | 29.7/3.6 |
| Anxiety/depression (moderate/extreme) | 24.7/3.1 | 24.2/3.2 |
| PHQ‐2 (Depression) | ||
| Low (0–2) | 86.4 | 87.4 |
| Moderate (3–5) | 10.7 | 9.8 |
| High (6) | 2.9 | 2.8 |
| Process of care | ||
| Prior use of P2Y12 inhibitor | 87.0 | 88.3 |
| Transferred from another hospital | 39.9 | 32.9 |
| Prasugrel (vs clopidogrel) | 26.1 | 53.4 |
| Primary service cardiology/ cardiothoracic surgery | 88.5 | 86.8 |
| Specialty of follow‐up provider at discharge | ||
| Cardiology | 33.6 | 33.8 |
| Internal medicine | 5.0 | 3.3 |
| Other | 1.8 | 1.4 |
| None | 59.6 | 61.5 |
| Hospital characteristicsd | ||
| Urban location | 96.4 | 96.8 |
| Bed size, No. | ||
| <300 | 17.7 | 18.4 |
| 300 to 499 | 27.6 | 34.0 |
| ≥500 | 54.7 | 47.5 |
| Teaching hospital | 73.4 | 64.6 |
| Control | ||
| Not‐for‐profit | 83.0 | 85.0 |
| For profit | 3.7 | 5.1 |
| Government | 13.3 | 9.8 |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | 15.6 | 14.6 |
| Midwest | 37.9 | 35.0 |
| South | 32.7 | 34.0 |
| West | 13.8 | 16.5 |
| Procedure characteristics | ||
| Stent use | ||
| BMS | 25.9 | 24.7 |
| DES | 71.1 | 72.6 |
| None | 2.9 | 2.7 |
| Femoral access (vs radial) | 88.0 | 87.9 |
| No. of vessels dilated | ||
| ≤1 | 77.9 | 79.4 |
| 2 | 17.9 | 17.2 |
| ≥3 | 4.1 | 3.5 |
| Successful procedure | 96.1 | 96.6 |
| Complications | ||
| Bleeding | ||
| Hemodynamically unstable | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Transfusion for overt bleeding | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Other | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| CABG | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Other surgery | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| MI | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| HF | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| Stroke/CVA | 0.1 | <0.1 |
| Discharge disposition | ||
| Expired | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Home | 98.4 | 98.7 |
| Acute care facility | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Nonacute care facility | 1.1 | 0.7 |
| Other | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Values are expressed as percentages unless otherwise indicated. ACTION indicates Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network; BMS, bare‐metal stent; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DES, drug‐eluting stent; EF, ejection fraction; GRACE, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; GI/GU, gastrointestinal/genitourinary; HF, heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PHQ‐2, Patient Health Questionnaire‐2; STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Excludes 370 patients without follow‐up interviews (including 14 baseline deaths).
b
Mean (SD).
c
Excludes missing values (0.4%).
d
Excludes missing values (0.5%).