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Exposure of primary HBMEC to Tat proteins (1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml) increased IL-6 levels. At similar doses, higher IL-6 expression was observed in Tat.B-treated cells, compared to cells exposed to Tat.AG. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001, compared to cells treated with heat-inactivated proteins and untreated controls. For all experiments, each experimental condition was performed in triplicate.
