Extended Data Fig. 1. Comparison of gene expression profiles among CD4⁺ T cell subsets including T_tol, T_H1, T_H2, T _H17, nT_reg, naive T, T_NF-AT and T_exh cells.

a, Hierarchical clusters for six groups of CD4⁺ T cells. The colour coding indicates the expression level of 10,462 genes, with 0 as the median. All of the samples, except nT_reg cells, were duplicated. b, Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of six types of CD4⁺ T cells (T_tol , naive, T_H1, T_H2, T_H17 and nT_reg). n = 2 (naive, T_H1, T_H2, T_H17 and T_tol); n = 1 (nT_reg). c, Correlation analysis of CD4⁺ T cell subsets using a k shared nearest neighbours classification algorithm. d, Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of differentially expressed genes in T_tol cells, with twofold as the cut-off. e, Venn diagram comparison of T_tol cell-relevant genes with T_NF-AT cell-and T_exh cell-relevant genes.