Figure 1.

Posttranscriptional regulations of gene expression by RBPs. After transcription, RBPs bind pre-mRNA and regulate RNA processing in the nucleus. Mature mRNA is transported to cytoplasm by other RBPs. In the cytoplasm, various RBPs control the different mRNA fates, which include localization, translation, and degradation. Collectively, these effects achieve proper gene expression within specific cell types and in response to specific biological regulatory signals. They can also lead to pathological conditions when regulation is compromised, for example, due to mutations in the gene encoding a specific RBP.