Table 2.
Differences in energy and energy–adjusted nutrient intakes across age groups for those who were below or met the protein intake recommendation from the 2005–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) a,b,c
| 51–60 yr | 61–70 yr | >70 yr | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Below protein recommendation | Met protein recommendation | P | Below protein recommendation | Met protein recommendation | P | Below protein recommendation | Met protein recommendation | P | |
| Energy (kcal) | 1630 (24) | 2420 (23) | <0.001 | 1501 (17) | 2213 (22) | <0.001 | 1356 (18) | 1994 (22) | <0.001 |
| Protein, total (g) | 54.3 (0.8) | 100.5 (1.1) | <0.001 | 51.0 (0.7) | 93.0 (0.8) | <0.001 | 47.4 (0.6) | 84.6 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Energy–adjusted intakes | |||||||||
| Protein (g) | 35.0 (0.4) | 43.4 (0.4) | <0.001 | 35.8 (0.4) | 43.8 (0.4) | <0.001 | 36.5 (0.3) | 44.2 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 128 (1.0) | 115 (0.9) | <0.001 | 128 (1.0) | 117 (0.8) | <0.001 | 133 (0.8) | 122 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 8.6 (0.2) | 8.4 (0.2) | 0.564 | 9.4 (0.2) | 9.3 (0.2) | 0.361 | 9.8 (0.2) | 9.7 (0.2) | 0.342 |
| Total fat (g) | 36.2 (0.4) | 38.8 (0.3) | <0.001 | 36.9 (0.3) | 38.1 (0.3) | 0.004 | 35.9 (0.3) | 37.3 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 11.3 (0.2) | 12.4 (0.1) | <0.001 | 11.7 (0.2) | 12.2 (0.1) | 0.014 | 11.6 (0.1) | 11.9 (0.2) | 0.160 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 12.9 (0.2) | 14.0 (0.1) | <0.001 | 13.3 (0.2) | 13.7 (0.1) | 0.036 | 12.8 (0.1) | 13.6 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 8.7 (0.2) | 8.9 (0.1) | 0.246 | 8.7 (0.1) | 8.7 (0.1) | 0.672 | 8.3 (0.1) | 8.6 (0.1) | 0.158 |
| Vitamin A, RAE (μg) | 311 (15.9) | 339 (10.6) | 0.076 | 358 (12.0) | 381 (26.4) | 0.413 | 405 (14.7) | 402 (10.4) | 0.854 |
| Folate (μg DFE) | 268 (6.3) | 257 (5.5) | 0.239 | 273 (4.8) | 268 (5.5) | 0.602 | 308 (5.9) | 286 (5.9) | 0.005 |
| Choline (mg) | 153 (3.1) | 171 (1.9) | <0.001 | 161 (3.0) | 183 (2.5) | <0.001 | 165 (2.3) | 184 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2.4 (0.1) | 2.5 (0.1) | 0.456 | 2.4 (0.1) | 3.2 (0.3) | 0.019 | 2.6 (0.1) | 3.0 (0.1) | 0.003 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 49.4 (2.8) | 43.0 (1.3) | 0.040 | 51.6 (1.7) | 45.2 (1.9) | 0.012 | 57.5 (2.0) | 50.9 (1.6) | 0.005 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 2.1 (0.2) | 2.4 (0.1) | 0.083 | 2.2 (0.1) | 2.6 (0.1) | 0.004 | 2.6 (0.1) | 3.2 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 62.7 (3.7) | 72.6 (4.7) | 0.073 | 67.8 (3.0) | 66.4 (3.1) | 0.706 | 69.3 (3.9) | 71.1 (3.3) | 0.616 |
| Calcium (mg) | 432 (7.8) | 458 (7.3) | 0.023 | 466 (9.7) | 468 (6.2) | 0.819 | 479 (7.5) | 497 (5.6) | 0.031 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 601 (6.9) | 680 (5.7) | <0.001 | 636 (7.0) | 702 (4.9) | <0.001 | 641 (5.0) | 715 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 150 (2.6) | 153 (1.8) | 0.315 | 158 (2.5) | 160(2) | 0.501 | 158 (2.2) | 163 (2.0) | 0.033 |
| Iron (mg) | 7.3 (0.2) | 7.4 (0.1) | 0.928 | 7.7 (0.1) | 7.7 (0.1) | 0.930 | 8.6 (0.1) | 8.4 (0.1) | 0.163 |
| Zinc (mg) | 4.9 (0.1) | 5.9 (0.1) | <0.001 | 5.1 (0.1) | 6.1 (0.1) | <0.001 | 5.6 (0.1) | 6.4 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Copper (mg) | 0.7 (0.02) | 0.7 (0.01) | 0.586 | 0.7 (0.01) | 0.8 (0.05) | 0.230 | 0.7 (0.02) | 0.7 (0.01) | 0.971 |
| Sodium (mg) | 1626 (20) | 1731(23) | <0.001 | 1712 (21) | 1727 (20) | 0.597 | 1704 (18) | 1718 (17) | 0.487 |
| Potassium (mg) | 390 (36) | 1372 (16) | 0.655 | 1469 (20) | 1442 (15) | 0.341 | 1493 (18) | 1515 (17) | 0.273 |
| Selenium (μg) | 49.4 (0.7) | 58.7 (0.7) | <0.001 | 51.0 (0.7) | 60.4 (0.7) | <0.001 | 51.2 (0.7) | 59.7 (0.7) | <0.001 |
a. Mean (SE) intakes adjusted for race/ethnicity, gender, marital status and percent of federal poverty rate; b. Nutrients presented as energy–adjusted intakes per 1,000 kcal; c. Protein intake recommendations computed as 0.8 g of dietary protein per kilogram of body weight.