Figure 1.

Central and peripheral regulation of TH on food intake, glucose and lipid metabolism in target organs such as liver, white and brown adipose tissue, pancreatic β cells, and skeletal muscle. AgRP, agouti-related protein; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CART, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript; D2, deiodinase type 2; NE, norepinephrine; NPY, neuropeptide Y; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; PP, pancreatic polypeptide; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; α-MSH, α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone; β-r, β-receptor.