Table 1.
Distribution of demographic and clinical characteristics for the complete sample and according to childhood maltreatment group.
| Total sample (N = 165) | Childhood maltreatment (N = 94) | No childhood maltreatment (N = 71) | t-Test/χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | |||||
| Age (years) | 52.3 ± 9.6 | 51.5 ± 9.7 | 53.4 ± 9.4 | 1.261 | 0.21 |
| Sex (female) | 114 (69.5) | 66 (70.2) | 48 (68.6) | 0.051 | 0.87 |
| Years of education | 10.4 ± 4.3 | 10.7 ± 3.9 | 11 ± 3.9 | 0.480 | 0.63 |
| Socio-economic status | 5.084 | 0.08 | |||
| Low | 54 (32.9) | 29 (30.9) | 25 (35.7) | ||
| Middle | 94 (56.7) | 59 (62.8) | 35 (48.6) | ||
| High | 17 (10.4) | 6 (6.4) | 11 (15.7) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age at onset (years) | 41.7 ± 12.2 | 41.1 ± 11.4 | 42.5 ± 13.2 | 0.731 | 0.47 |
| Treatment-resistant depression | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 6.6 ± 2.0 | 6.1 ± 2.2 | −1.378 | 0.17 |
| MDD symptom severity | 14.3 ± 8.6 | 15.2 ± 8.3 | 13.1 ± 8.9 | −1.559 | 0.12 |
| MDD with psychotic symptoms | 17 (10.7) | 9 (9.8) | 8 (11.9) | 0.189 | 0.80 |
| Comorbidities | 65 (39.6) | 40 (42.6) | 25 (35.7) | 0.784 | 0.42 |
| Anxiety | 10 (6.1) | 5 (5.3) | 5 (7.1) | 0.233 | 0.75 |
| Dysthymia | 35 (21.3) | 25 (26.6) | 10 (14.3) | 3.622 | 0.08 |
| Dysfunctional personality traitsa | 20 (12.2) | 10 (10.6) | 10 (14.3) | 0.498 | 0.48 |
| Family history of psychiatric disorders | 133 (81.6) | 74 (79.6) | 59 (84.3) | 0.591 | 0.54 |
| History of suicide attempt | 33 (20.1) | 23 (24.5) | 10 (14.3) | 2.588 | 0.11 |
| CTQ minimization–denial scale = 1 | 79 (47.9) | 34 (36.2) | 45 (63.4) | 12.001 | 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or frequency (%) as appropriate.
aDo not fulfil Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for personality disorder.
MDD, major depressive disorder; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.