Table 1. Metacommunity patterns within Amazonian interfluves.
Coherence (C), measured as the number of uninterrupted presences, ordered along environmental gradients and also according to biogeographic and spatial predictors.
| Interfluve | Covariate | C obs | Z | p | C null | σC | β obs | Z | p | β null | σβ | I | p | df | Pattern | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zygoptera | Guiana | Space | 38 | −1.146 | 0.252 | 31.637 | 5.551 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random |
| HII | 42 | −1.529 | 0.126 | 33.442 | 5.598 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| pH | 37 | −0.803 | 0.422 | 32.363 | 5.774 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Width | 36 | −0.625 | 0.532 | 32.605 | 5.429 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Depth | 40 | −1.101 | 0.271 | 33.176 | 6.197 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Temperature | 44 | −1.849 | 0.064 | 32.781 | 6.067 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Seasonality | 44 | −1.849 | 0.064 | 32.781 | 6.067 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Precipitation | 44 | −1.849 | 0.064 | 32.781 | 6.067 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| EVI | 39 | −1.211 | 0.226 | 32.252 | 5.573 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Recip Avg | 21 | 2.160 | 0.031 | 33.047 | 5.578 | 225 | −3.512 | 0.000 | 51.123 | 49.514 | 1.346 | 0.118 | 6 | Checkerboard | ||
| Inambari | Space | 371 | −5.902 | 0.000 | 235.101 | 23.024 | 0 | 1.011 | 0.312 | 854.413 | 844.922 | 1.391 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | |
| HII | 374 | −6.104 | 0.000 | 241.675 | 21.677 | 70 | 0.847 | 0.397 | 665.308 | 703.041 | 1.445 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| pH | 377 | −5.978 | 0.000 | 240.080 | 22.904 | 0 | 0.811 | 0.417 | 687.668 | 847.776 | 1.483 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Width | 358 | −5.664 | 0.000 | 237.306 | 21.310 | 0 | 0.965 | 0.335 | 731.044 | 757.835 | 1.421 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Depth | 370 | −5.794 | 0.000 | 237.081 | 22.943 | 0 | 0.844 | 0.399 | 598.815 | 709.308 | 1.304 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Temperature | 368 | −5.639 | 0.000 | 237.731 | 23.101 | 0 | 0.798 | 0.425 | 730.216 | 914.724 | 1.481 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Seasonality | 361 | −4.964 | 0.000 | 242.247 | 23.925 | 33 | 0.936 | 0.349 | 720.936 | 735.008 | 1.552 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Precipitation | 360 | −5.246 | 0.000 | 240.332 | 22.813 | 161 | 0.691 | 0.490 | 680.608 | 751.875 | 1.543 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| EVI | 386 | −6.108 | 0.000 | 242.603 | 23.475 | 0 | 0.820 | 0.412 | 766.901 | 935.077 | 1.347 | <0.001 | 9 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Recip Avg | 156 | 3.251 | 0.001 | 231.905 | 23.346 | 7343 | −6.275 | 0.001 | 1002.439 | 1010.508 | 1.507 | <0.001 | 9 | Checkerboard | ||
| Tapajós | Space | 181 | −2.489 | 0.013 | 149.182 | 12.784 | 60 | 0.442 | 0.658 | 133.455 | 166.071 | 1.356 | 0.051 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | |
| HII | 179 | −2.788 | 0.005 | 145.369 | 12.061 | 51 | 0.581 | 0.561 | 161.120 | 189.639 | 0.966 | 0.475 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| pH | 177 | −2.691 | 0.007 | 140.645 | 13.509 | 12 | 0.885 | 0.376 | 173.544 | 182.503 | 1.048 | 0.334 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Width | 189 | −3.355 | 0.001 | 147.422 | 12.391 | 0 | 0.905 | 0.365 | 110.423 | 121.982 | 1.516 | 0.015 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Depth | 181 | −2.586 | 0.010 | 145.938 | 13.557 | 60 | 0.517 | 0.605 | 140.837 | 156.384 | 1.140 | 0.178 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Temperature | 176 | −2.415 | 0.016 | 143.486 | 13.462 | 1 | 0.939 | 0.348 | 234.420 | 248.662 | 0.988 | 0.523 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Seasonality | 176 | −2.363 | 0.018 | 146.653 | 12.420 | 48 | 0.631 | 0.528 | 154.445 | 168.701 | 1.234 | 0.094 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Precipitation | 179 | −2.866 | 0.004 | 143.742 | 12.300 | 0 | 0.867 | 0.386 | 151.147 | 174.292 | 1.034 | 0.376 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| EVI | 178 | −2.330 | 0.020 | 149.651 | 12.164 | 2 | 0.963 | 0.336 | 137.344 | 140.533 | 1.793 | 0.001 | 13 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Recip Avg | 102 | 3.790 | 0.000 | 149.430 | 12.514 | 1292 | −5.682 | 0.001 | 160.900 | 199.065 | 1.292 | 0.088 | 13 | Checkerboard | ||
| Xingu | Space | 145 | −6.663 | <0.001 | 79.760 | 9.791 | 24 | 1.074 | 0.283 | 384.555 | 335.613 | 1.067 | 0.212 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | |
| HII | 149 | −7.241 | <0.001 | 82.725 | 9.152 | 0 | 1.028 | 0.304 | 299.646 | 291.511 | 0.978 | 0.486 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| pH | 133 | −4.792 | <0.001 | 81.503 | 10.747 | 74 | 0.931 | 0.352 | 375.743 | 324.208 | 0.949 | 0.360 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Width | 134 | −5.497 | <0.001 | 81.414 | 9.565 | 29 | 1.052 | 0.293 | 333.718 | 289.762 | 1.009 | 0.396 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Depth | 148 | −7.266 | <0.001 | 83.149 | 8.925 | 0 | 1.046 | 0.295 | 319.940 | 305.793 | 0.970 | 0.460 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Temperature | 134 | −6.152 | <0.001 | 80.349 | 8.721 | 112 | 0.774 | 0.439 | 320.683 | 269.462 | 0.957 | 0.369 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Seasonality | 135 | −5.926 | <0.001 | 80.001 | 9.281 | 86 | 0.756 | 0.449 | 348.003 | 346.395 | 0.949 | 0.360 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Precipitation | 135 | −5.926 | <0.001 | 80.001 | 9.281 | 86 | 0.756 | 0.449 | 348.003 | 346.395 | 0.949 | 0.360 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| EVI | 143 | −6.290 | <0.001 | 82.337 | 9.644 | 0 | 1.168 | 0.243 | 304.040 | 260.386 | 0.964 | 0.413 | 7 | Quasi-Nested | ||
| Recip Avg | 44 | 3.838 | <0.001 | 79.590 | 9.273 | 1153 | −2.596 | 0.009 | 374.887 | 299.681 | 1.016 | 0.373 | 7 | Checkerboard | ||
| Anisoptera | Tapajós | Space | 21 | 1.329 | 0.184 | 29.022 | 6.036 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random |
| HII | 19 | 1.440 | 0.150 | 27.478 | 5.889 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| pH | 22 | 0.446 | 0.655 | 24.557 | 5.730 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Width | 20 | 1.286 | 0.198 | 28.280 | 6.437 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Depth | 19 | 1.726 | 0.084 | 29.514 | 6.091 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Temperature | 18 | 1.139 | 0.255 | 24.097 | 5.354 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Seasonality | 23 | 0.709 | 0.478 | 27.318 | 6.088 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Precipitation | 21 | 1.033 | 0.301 | 27.004 | 5.810 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| EVI | 21 | 1.033 | 0.301 | 27.388 | 6.182 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random | ||
| Recip Avg | 19 | 0.607 | 0.544 | 22.574 | 5.888 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Random |
Notes.
- C obs
- observed coherence
- C null
- coherence expected by chance, based on the 999 null metacommunities
- σC
- standard deviation of coherence
Bold indicates statistically significant p-values.