TABLE 2—
Mixed Effects Poisson Model Fitting the Number of Alcohol Outlets Within 1000 Meters From the Geographic Center of Urban Neighborhoods and Socioeconomic Status: Ontario, Canada, 2013–2017
| Model A,a RR (95% CI) or SD | Model B,a RR (95% CI) or SD | |
| OMI dimensionsb | ||
| Material deprivation | 1.15 (1.10, 1.19) | 1.59 (1.45, 1.73) |
| Residential instability | 1.15 (1.10, 1.20) | 1.35 (1.22, 1.49) |
| Ethnic concentration | 0.82 (0.79, 0.86) | 0.84 (0.81, 0.88) |
| Government dependency | 1.20 (1.15, 1.25) | 1.21 (1.16, 1.26) |
| Population density, quintilesc | 1.27 (1.22, 1.32) | 1.98 (1.80, 2.18) |
| Year (Ref = 2013) | ||
| 2014 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) |
| 2015 | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) |
| 2016 | 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) | 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) |
| 2017 | 1.19 (1.16, 1.22) | 1.19 (1.16, 1.22) |
| Interactions | ||
| Material deprivation × population density | . . . | 0.91 (0.89, 0.93) |
| Residential instability × population density | . . . | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) |
| Mixed effects | ||
| Forward sortation area | 1.19 | 1.19 |
| Neighborhood (DA) | 1.71 | 1.71 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; DA = Dissemination Area; OMI = Ontario Marginalization Index; RR = rate ratio.
Both model A and model B are offset by the total population of a dissemination area and adjusted for the percentage of the male population who are aged 15 to 65 years and 65 years or older and the percentage of the female population who are aged 15 to 65 years and 65 years or older. Mixed effects are for each individual neighborhood (DA) and membership in a larger geographic area (forward sortation area).
The coefficients of the 4 OMI dimensions represent the effect of increasing the marginalization of a neighborhood by 1 quintile on the number of alcohol outlets within 1000 meters.
The coefficient for population density represents the effect of a quintile increase in population density on the number of alcohol outlets within 1000 meters.