Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by Stressful Life Events, Women's Health Initiative Observational and Clinical Trials, n=10,785
| Stressful life events | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (0 – 1) | Q2 (2 – 3) | Q3 (4 – 6) | Q4 (7 – 30) | |
| (n=2,495) | (n=2,917) | (n=2,966) | (n=2,407) | |
| Age at WHI entry Mean (SD) | 61.7 (7) | 61.4 (7.1) | 60.8 (7) | 60.0 (6.8) |
| Education | ||||
| Missing | 22 (1%) | 31 (1%) | 31 (1%) | 42 (2%) |
| Less than High school diploma or GED | 226 (9%) | 256 (9%) | 291 (10%) | 317 (13%) |
| High school diploma or GED | 342 (14%) | 397 (14%) | 395 (13%) | 323 (13%) |
| Some college | 897 (36%) | 1066 (37%) | 1170 (39%) | 1014 (42%) |
| College graduate or higher | 1008 (40%) | 1167 (40%) | 1079 (36%) | 711 (30%) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Missing | 46 (2%) | 35 (1%) | 45 (2%) | 35 (1%) |
| Never smoked | 1286 (52%) | 1444 (50%) | 1425 (48%) | 1133 (47%) |
| Past smoker | 933 (37%) | 1142 (39%) | 1122 (38%) | 932 (39%) |
| Current smoker | 230 (9%) | 296 (10%) | 374 (13%) | 307 (13%) |
| BMI | ||||
| Missing | 25 (1%) | 28 (1%) | 25 (1%) | 23 (1%) |
| <25 kg/m2 | 443 (18%) | 506 (17%) | 464 (16%) | 329 (14%) |
| 25–29 kg/m2 | 886 (36%) | 984 (34%) | 991 (33%) | 712 (30%) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 1141 (46%) | 1399 (48%) | 1486 (50%) | 1343 (56%) |
| Hormone use | ||||
| Missing | 4 (<1%) | 2 (<1%) | 4 (<1%) | 6 (<1%) |
| Never | 1446 (58%) | 1701 (58%) | 1727 (58%) | 1456 (60%) |
| Past user | 383 (15%) | 420 (14%) | 443 (15%) | 352 (15%) |
| Current user <5 years | 267 (11%) | 291 (10%) | 313 (11%) | 263 (11%) |
| Current user 5 to <10 years | 141 (6%) | 195 (7%) | 187 (6%) | 126 (5%) |
| Current user ≥10 years | 254 (10%) | 308 (11%) | 292 (10%) | 204 (8%) |
| Type of hormone use | ||||
| Missing | 4 (<1%) | 2 (<1%) | 4 (<1%) | 6 (<1%) |
| Never user | 1446 (58%) | 1701 (58%) | 1727 (58%) | 1456 (60%) |
| Past user of either E alone or E+P | 383 (15%) | 420 (14%) | 443 (15%) | 352 (15%) |
| E-alone | 498 (20%) | 599 (21%) | 574 (19%) | 458 (19%) |
| E+P | 164 (7%) | 195 (7%) | 218 (7%) | 135 (6%) |
| Oral contraceptive use | ||||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (<1%) |
| Yes | 905 (36%) | 1142 (39%) | 1216 (41%) | 1039 (43%) |
| Diabetes status | ||||
| Missing | 6 (<1%) | 7 (<1%) | 5 (<1%) | 2 (<1%) |
| Yes | 222 (9%) | 279 (10%) | 301 (10%) | 287 (12%) |
| Use of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs | ||||
| Missing | 125 (5%) | 186 (6%) | 188 (6%) | 173 (7%) |
| Yes | 328 (13%) | 391 (13%) | 359 (12%) | 303 (13%) |
| Hypertension history | ||||
| Missing | 112 (4%) | 164 (6%) | 169 (6%) | 145 (6%) |
| Never hypertensive | 1187 (48%) | 1333 (46%) | 1335 (45%) | 1050 (44%) |
| Treated hypertensive | 993 (40%) | 1191 (41%) | 1200 (40%) | 973 (40%) |
| Untreated hypertensive | 203 (8%) | 229 (8%) | 262 (9%) | 239 (10%) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Missing | 77 (3%) | 125 (4%) | 135 (5%) | 108 (4%) |
| None | 513 (21%) | 639 (22%) | 641 (22%) | 565 (23%) |
| >0–3.75 MET-hours/week | 436 (17%) | 478 (16%) | 540 (18%) | 461 (19%) |
| 3.75–8.75 MET-hours/week | 515 (21%) | 584 (20%) | 614 (21%) | 473 (20%) |
| 8.75–17.5 MET-hours/week | 463 (19%) | 513 (18%) | 502 (17%) | 404 (17%) |
| >=17.5 MET-hours/week | 491 (20%) | 578 (20%) | 534 (18%) | 396 (16%) |
| WHI Trial membership | ||||
| OS | 1340 (54%) | 1495 (51%) | 1444 (49%) | 1180 (49%) |
| E-only | 158 (6%) | 177 (6%) | 224 (8%) | 187 (8%) |
| E+P | 108 (4%) | 154 (5%) | 158 (5%) | 126 (5%) |
| DM | 741 (30%) | 878 (30%) | 904 (30%) | 704 (29%) |
| E+P and DM | 148 (6%) | 213 (7%) | 236 (8%) | 210 (9%) |
GED: General equivalency diploma; MET: metabolic equivalent; OS: Observational study; E+P: Estrogen plus progestin; DM: Dietary modification