Table 3.
Age-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of stressful life events, social strain and CVD risk among African-American women in the Women's Health Initiative, n=10,785
| Univariable Model | Multivariable Model* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Stressful life events (at age 55) | ||||
| Q4 (7 – 30) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.80 (1.27, 2.54) | <0.001 | 1.32 (0.91, 1.92) | 0.15 |
| Q3 (4 – 6) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.25 (0.88, 1.77) | 0.21 | 1.13 (0.78, 1.63) | 0.51 |
| Q2 (2 – 3) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.03 (0.72, 1.46) | 0.89 | 0.84 (0.57, 1.23) | 0.36 |
| Stressful life events (at age 65) | ||||
| Q4 (7 – 30) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.40 (1.16, 1.68) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.94, 1.40) | 0.19 |
| Q3 (4 – 6) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.36) | 0.19 | 1.05 (0.86, 1.28) | 0.62 |
| Q2 (2 – 3) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) | 0.68 | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.55 |
| Stressful life events (at age 75) | ||||
| Q4 (7 – 30) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) | 0.11 | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) | 0.88 |
| Q3 (4 – 6) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.04 (0.9, 1.19) | 0.61 | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) | 0.85 |
| Q2 (2 – 3) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.2) | 0.45 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 0.60 |
| Stressful life events (at age 85) | ||||
| Q4 (7 – 30) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.19) | 0.60 | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | 0.48 |
| Q3 (4 – 6) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.20) | 0.73 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.57 |
| Q2 (2 – 3) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.32) | 0.57 | 1.13 (0.90, 1.43) | 0.29 |
| Stressful life events (at age 95) | ||||
| Q4 (7 – 30) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 0.79 (0.55, 1.13) | 0.20 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.22) | 0.34 |
| Q3 (4 – 6) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.25) | 0.53 | 0.89 (0.62, 1.27) | 0.52 |
| Q2 (2 – 3) vs. Q1 (0 – 1) | 1.08 (0.77, 1.49) | 0.67 | 1.22 (0.86, 1.74) | 0.26 |
| Social strain | 0.001 | 0.39 | ||
| Q4 (10 – 20) vs. Q1 (4) | 1.30 (1.13, 1.49) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) | ||
| Q3 (7 – 9) vs. Q1 (4) | 1.24 (1.09, 1.42) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) | ||
| Q2 (5 – 6) vs. Q1 (4) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.30) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | ||
| Diabetes status | ||||
| Yes vs. No | 2.61 (2.32, 2.93) | <0.001 | 2.25 (1.98, 2.56) | <0.001 |
| BMI | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| <25 vs. 25–29 kg/m2 | 0.79 (0.68, 0.93) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | ||
| ≥30 vs. 25–29 kg/m2 | 1.39 (1.25, 1.54) | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | ||
| Physical activity | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||
| None | 1.44 (1.24, 1.68) | 1.27 (1.09, 1.49) | ||
| >0–3.75 vs. ≥17.5 MET-hours/week | 1.47 (1.26, 1.72) | 1.28 (1.09, 1.51) | ||
| 3.75–8.75 vs. ≥17.5 MET-hours/week | 1.26 (1.08, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.37) | ||
| 8.75–17.5 vs. ≥17.5 MET-hours/week | 1.16 (0.98, 1.36) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | ||
| Hypertension history | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Treated hypertensive vs. Never hypertensive | 1.71 (1.55, 1.9) | 1.46 (1.31, 1.63) | ||
| Untreated hypertensive vs. Never hypertensive | 1.44 (1.22, 1.72) | 1.31 (1.09, 1.56) | ||
| Use of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs | ||||
| Yes vs. No | 1.42 (1.25, 1.6) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Past smoker vs. Never smoked | 1.21 (1.09, 1.33) | 1.24 (1.12, 1.38) | ||
| Current smoker vs. Never smoked | 1.86 (1.62, 2.13) | 2.05 (1.76, 2.38) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Less than High school diploma/GED vs. College graduate or higher | 1.99 (1.72, 2.31) | 1.61 (1.37, 1.90) | ||
| High school diploma/GED vs. College graduate or higher | 1.38 (1.19, 1.59) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.34) | ||
| Some college vs. College graduate or higher | 1.27 (1.14, 1.41) | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | ||
*
Adjusted for stressful life events, social strain, diabetes status, BMI, physical activity, hypertension history, use of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs, smoking status, and education