Figure 2.

The rice Al resistance gene AL RESISTANCE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ART1) localizes to the fine‐mapped region of the Al resistance QTL Alt12.1. (a) Fine‐mapping schema. The Al resistance QTL Alt12.1 was fine‐mapped using 4,224 F₃ and 3,552 F₄ plants from a cross between the Al‐sensitive parent IR64 and an Al‐resistant recombinant inbred line from the Azucena × IR64 mapping population (Appendix S2). The black bar represents a region of rice chromosome 12; molecular markers used at each step are indicated below the bar. Genetic distances are shown in pseudo cM above the black bar (1 cm ~200,000 bp). ART1 (LOC_Os12g07280) is highlighted (red); other genes in the region are also represented (black arrows). (b) Alignment of the predicted ART1 amino acid sequences from Azucena, IR64, Kasalath, and Nipponbare. Predicted C2H2 domains (blue box) are shown; predicted monopartite (purple rectangle) and bipartite (yellow rectangle) nuclear localization domains are also shown. A red triangle under the alignment indicates the position of the 1‐bp deletion found in the art1 mutant (Yamaji et al., 2009). (c) ART1 relative expression in rice roots, measured using RT‐qPCR. Azucena, IR64, and the reciprocal NILs AZU _{[ IR 6412.1]} and IR64_{[ AZU 12.1]} were grown in hydroponics and treated with Al (80 μm Al³⁺ activity) for 4 hr. Control: light‐gray bar; Al stress, dark‐gray bar. RNA was collected from six independent biological replicates. Error bars indicate a 95% confidence interval. All pairs of means were compared using a Tukey–Kramer HSD test and no significant differences were found (p < .05)