. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2019 Feb 4;48(5):935–948. doi: 10.1007/s10964-019-00984-6

Table 4:

Linking Adolescent Characteristics to Profiles of Social Norms

	Model 1				Model 2			Model 3		Model 4
	Cgr-Perm vs. Cgr-Restrict	DevNorm- HighRisk vs. Cgr-Restrict	DevNorm- LowRisk vs. Cgr-Restrict	Resilient vs. Cgr-Restrict	DevNorm- HighRisk vs. Cgr-Perm	DevNorm- LowRisk vs. Cgr-Perm	Resilient vs. Cgr-Perm	DevNorm- LowRisk vs. DevNorm- HighRisk	Resilient vs. DevNorm- HighRisk	Resilient vs. DevNorm- LowRisk

	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE	bSE
Developmental factors
Adol grade	.30(.09)^***	.35(.08)^***	.10(.08)	−.04(.09)	.05(.04)	−.20(.06) ^***	−.33(.06) ^***	−.26(.04) ^***	−.39(.05) ^***	−.13(.06)^*
Sch grade span
Mix vs. mid	1.51(.98)	1.89(1.06)	2.35(1.04)	.38(.90)	.38(.49)	.85(.64)	−1.12(53) ^*	.46(.57)	−1.50( 54) ^**	−1.97(.56) ^***
High vs. mid	9.26(1.45)^***	9.78(1.56)^***	9.67(1.51)^***	7.68(1.42) ^***	.52(.49)	.42(.64)	−1.58(49) ^**	−.10(55)	−2.09(.49) ^***	−1.99(.55) ^***
Socio-demographic factors
SES factors
Adol SES	.16(.09)	−.04(.07)	.10(.07)	.27(11) ^*	−.20(.06)^**	−.06(.06)	11(10)	.15(.04) ^***	.32(.08) ^***	.17(.08) ^*
Peer SES	−.36(.23)	−.45(.21) ^*	−.19(.20)	−.23(.24)	−.09(.08)	.17(.09)	.13(13)	.25(.06) ^***	.22(11)	−.03(11)
Sch SES	.04(.84)	−.09(.86)	.14(.84)	1.24(.82)	−.13(.24)	.10(33)	1.20(.37) ^**	.23(.38)	1.33(41) ^**	1.10(29) ^***
Racial/ethnic factors
Adol race	.13(.30)	.07(.27)	.25(.27)	.96(.32) ^**	−.06(.17)	.12(17)	.83(.29) ^**	18(11)	.89(.27) ^**	.71(25) ^**
Crs peer	.62(.37)	.38(.35)	.36(.34)	.41(.34)	−.24(.12)	−.26(.14)	−.22(.20)	−.02(.10)	.02(.17)	.04(.17)
Sch min %	−.00(.01)	.01(01)	−.01(01)	.00(.01)	.01(.00)^**	−.00(.00)	.00(.01)	−.01(.00)^*	−.01(01)	.01(01)
Psychosocial factors
Adol relig	−.82(19)^***	−.53(19) ^**	−.60(.19) ^**	−.62(.19) ^**	.30(.07) ^***	.22(.07) ^**	.20(.10) ^*	−.07(.06)	−.10(10)	−.03(.09)
Adol dep	.46(.16)^**	.39(15) ^*	.28(.15)	.21(18)	−.08(.08)	−.19(08) ^*	−.25(.13)	−.11(05) ^*	−.18(13)	−.07(.14)
Adol cog	.08(.10)	.08(.10)	.19(10)	.25(11) ^*	−.00(.04)	.11(05) ^*	.17(.07) ^*	.11(04) ^**	.17(.07) ^*	.06(.07)

Note. Cgr-Restrict = Congruent-restrictive norms across all settings. Cgr-Perm = Congruent-permissive norms across all settings. DevNorm- LowRisk = Developmentally normative-low risk (restrictive parents and peers but permissive schoolmates). DevNorm-HighRisk = Developmentally normative-high risk (restrictive parents but permissive peers and schoolmates). Resilient = permissive parents but restrictive peers and schoolmates. The reference group was rotated in each model to examine all possible comparisons. Adol = Adolescent. Sch = School. Adolescent race compared white versus minority groups. Crs peer = Cross-race peers. Sch min % = School minority proportions. Relig = Religiosity. Dep = Depression. Cog = Cognitive abilities.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.