Table 1.
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 2 (2004-2005) Trauma-Exposed Participants
| Total Trauma-Exposed Sample (N=12,467) | Trauma-Exposed Men (n=4,666) | Trauma-Exposed Women (n=7,801) | Test of Sex Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% women) | 62.6% | -- | -- | -- |
| Race/Ethnicity (%)a | ||||
| White | 60.6% | 62.2% | 59.6% | |
| African American | 18.6% | 15.9% | 20.2% | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.9% | 2.0% | 1.9% | |
| Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific | 2.4% | 2.6% | 2.3% | |
| Islander | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 16.5% | 17.3% | 16.0% | |
| Mean Age (SD), in years | 49.3 (16.3) | 49.2 (16.0) | 49.4 (16.6) | t = −0.71, p = .475 |
| Highest Level of Education Completed (%) | ||||
| Less than high school degree | 14.0% | 13.9% | 14.1% | |
| High school or GED | 28.4% | 26.9% | 29.3% | |
| Some college/2-year degree | 32.2% | 31.3% | 32.8% | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 13.1% | 14.9% | 12.0% | |
| Some graduate school | 12.4% | 13.2% | 11.9% | |
| “Worst” Traumatic Event Endorsed | ||||
| Serious illness/injury of a loved one | 27.7% | 25.3% | 29.2% | χ2 = 22.26, p < .001 |
| Unexpected death of loved one | 22.7% | 20.7% | 23.9% | χ2 = 17.58, p < .001 |
| Indirect/direct experience of 9/11 or other terrorist link | 12.1% | 11.9% | 12.2% | χ2 = 0.21, p = .644 |
| “Other” traumatic event | 7.5% | 6.5% | 8.1% | χ2 = 12.00, p = .001 |
| Witnessing death/serious injury | 4.0% | 5.6% | 3.1% | χ2 = 50.61, p < .001 |
| Life-threatening illness | 3.7% | 3.6% | 3.8% | χ2 = 0.58, p = .448 |
| Exposure to combat/war zone | 3.4% | 8.3% | 0.5% | χ2 = 545.17, p < .001 |
| Serious accident | 3.3% | 5.4% | 2.1% | χ2 = 99.38, p < .001 |
| Physical assault | 2.7% | 1.1% | 3.6% | χ2 = 73.90, p < .001 |
| Sexual assault | 2.6% | 0.3% | 4.0% | χ2 = 155.68, p < .001 |
| Witnessing violence as child | 2.3% | 1.9% | 2.6% | χ2 = 6.36, p = .012 |
| Threatened with a weapon | 2.3% | 3.8% | 1.4% | χ2 = 71.68, p < .001 |
| Natural disaster | 2.0% | 2.5% | 1.7% | χ2 = 9.92, p = .002 |
| Physical assault/neglect as a child | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.9% | χ2 = 0.92, p = .337 |
| Kidnapped/stalked | 0.9% | 0.5% | 1.1% | χ2 = 13.11, p < .001 |
| Number of potentially traumatic event categories endorsed | 4.38 (2.49) | 4.67 (2.56) | 4.20 (2.43) | t = 10.13, p < .001 |
| Mean age of first PTE (SD), in years | 18.53 (14.71) | 16.91 (12.61) | 19.52 (15.77) | t = 9.47, p < .001 |
| Lifetime PD/PDA | 10.3% | 7.0% | 12.3% | χ2 = 87.02, p < .001 |
| Lifetime PTSD | 19.8% | 14.4% | 22.9% | χ2 = 132.69, p < .001 |
| Lifetime major depression | 29.7% | 21.7% | 34.5% | |
| Lifetime generalized anxiety disorder | 11.4% | 7.8% | 13.6% | |
| Lifetime social anxiety disorder | 9.3% | 8.2% | 10.0% |