. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018 Jul 12;54(5):639–647. doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1559-1

Table 2.

Cox proportional hazard model output: Patterns of association between panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia; PD/PDA) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an epidemiological sample

Factors predicting PTSD
	Total Trauma-Exposed Sample (N=12,467)	Trauma-Exposed Men (n=4,666)	Trauma-Exposed Women (n=7,801)
PD/PDA_^a	1.210^* (1.207-1.214)	1.670^* (1.662-1.678)	1.112^* (1.108-1.115)
Wave 2 age	0.976^* (0.976-0.976)	0.977^* (0.976-0.977)	0.975^* (0.975-0.976)
Sex (0=male, 1=female)	1.628^* (1.625-1.630)	--	--
Race/ethnicity (0=white, 1=nonwhite)	1.143^* (1.142-1.145)	1.049^* (1.047-1.052)	1.188^* (1.186-1.190)
Education (1: high school/GED)_^b	0.797^* (0.796-0.799)	1.019^* (1.016-1.023)	0.713^* (0.711-0.714)
Education (2: some college)	0.743^* (0.741-0.744)	0.786^* (0.783-0.788)	0.704^* (0.702-0.706)
Education (3: Bachelor’s degree)	0.710^* (0.709-0.712)	0.692^* (0.689-0.694)	0.721^* (0.719-0.722)
Education (4: some graduate school)	0.631^* (0.629-0.632)	0.547^* (0.544-0.549)	0.672^* (0.670-0.673)
Number of potentially traumatic event categories endorsed	1.161^* (1.161-1.161)	1.148^* (1.147-1.149)	1.172^* (1.171-1.172)
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	2.102^* (2.099-2.105)	2.008^* (2.003-2.013)	2.079^* (2.076-2.082)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)	1.579^* (1.576-1.581)	2.006^* (2.000-2.012)	1.502^* (1.499-1.505)
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)	1.324^* (1.321-1.326)	1.367^* (1.363-1.372)	1.385^* (1.382-1.388)
Factors predicting PD/PDA
	Total Trauma-Exposed Sample (N=12,467)	Trauma-Exposed Men (n=4,666)	Trauma-Exposed Women (n=7,801)
PTSD_^a	1.601^* (1.597-1.604)	1.721^* (1.714-1.729)	1.580^* (1.576-1.583)
Wave 2 age	0.975^* (0.975-0.976)	0.977^* (0.976-0.977)	0.975^* (0.975-0.975)
Sex (0=male, 1=female)	1.424^* (1.422-1.427)	--	--
Race/ethnicity (0=white, 1=nonwhite)	0.927^* (0.925-0.929)	0.767^* (0.764-0.770)	0.976^* (0.974-0.978)
Education (1: high school/GED)_^b	0.740^* (0.738-0.742)	0.777^* (0.773-0.781)	0.728^* (0.725-0.730)
Education (2: some college)	0.835^* (0.832-0.837)	1.012^* (1.007-1.017)	0.781^* (0.779-0.784)
Education (3: Bachelor’s degree)	0.690^* (0.688-0.692)	1.000^* (0.995-1.005)	0.610^* (0.610-0.612)
Education (4: some graduate school)	0.629^* (0.627-0.631)	0.802^* (0.797-0.806)	0.583^* (0.581-0.586)
Number of traumatic event categories endorsed	1.075^* (1.074-1.075)	1.108^* (1.108-1.109)	1.073^* (1.073-1.073)
Major Depressive Disoraer (MDD)	2.105^* (2.101-2.109)	2.197^* (2.189-2.204)	1.998^* (1.994-2.002)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)	1.868^* (1.864-1.871)	1.931^* (1.924-1.939)	1.856^* (1.852-1.860)
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)	1.951^* (1.947-1.955)	1.918^* (1.911-1.926)	1.979^* (1.974-1.983)

Note: Hazard ratios presented with 95% contiaence intervals

p<.001;

Time-dependent covariate;

Reterence group = 0: “less than high school”