Table 1.
Characteristics of all individuals included in the study at the time of sampling.
| Gender | Age at sampling | Time between sample and onset (months) | Fasting C-peptide (nmol/l) | HbA1c (%) | Fasting glucose (nmol/l) | 120 min OGTT (nmol/l) | GADA (units/ml) | IA2A (units/ml) | IAA (units/ml) | ZnT8Atrp (units/ml) | ZnT8Aarg (units/ml) | ZnT8Aglt (units/ml) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIGH-RISK | |||||||||||||
| M | 12 | 9 | 0.6 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 9.1 | 6.350 | 1.624 | 37.3 | 772.4 | 1.158 | 353.9 | |
| F | 12 | 6 | 0.85 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 6.400 | neg | 19.5 | 1.808 | 788 | 125.9 | |
| M | 12 | 8 | 0.52 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 5.626 | neg | neg | neg | 319.7 | neg | |
| M | 13 | 10 | 0.44 | 5 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 113.4 | 2.920 | 57 | 636.8 | 3915 | 1.209 | |
| M | 11 | 15 | 0.39 | 4.5 | 5.1 | na | 78.3 | 7.200 | 7 | 2.418 | neg | neg | |
| F | 12 | 5 | 0.42 | 4.6 | 5.7 | na | 253.8 | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| F | 11 | 6 | 0.39 | 4.6 | 5.4 | na | 11.800 | 13.5 | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| M | 13 | 16 | 0.84 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 1.231 | 1.970 | 39.1 | neg | 2.225 | neg | |
| M | 11 | 25 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 7.9 | 420.4 | 664.5 | neg | neg | 1.332 | neg | |
| CONTROLS | |||||||||||||
| Male | 12 | – | 0.69 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Male | 12 | – | 0.35 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Male | 12 | – | 0.55 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Male | 12 | – | 0.39 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Male | 12 | – | 0.32 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Male | 12 | – | 0.35 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Male | 12 | – | 0.34 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Female | 11.5 | – | 0.41 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
| Female | 10 | – | 0.54 | na | na | na | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | neg | |
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA), protein tyrosine phosphatase-like islet antigen (IA2A), insulin (IAA) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A). F, Female; M, Male; na, not available; neg, negative (values below the cut-off for autoantibody positivity).