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. 2019 May 3;6:131. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00131

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Copyright © 2019 Agunos, Gow, Léger, Carson, Deckert, Bosman, Loest, Irwin and Reid-Smith.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Milligrams/population correction unit (mg/PCU) and antimicrobial resistance indicator index (AMR Ix) for Escherichia coli in broiler chickens and turkeys. (A) Milligram/population correction unit_poultry (total use) and AMR lx (multiclass/susceptible isolates). (B) Milligram/population correction unit_poultrv (ceftiofur use) and AMR lx (ceftriaxone resistance). (C) Milligram/population correction unit_poultrv (gentamicin and lincomycin-spectinomycin use) and AMR (gentamicin resistance). AMR, antimicrobial resistance; mg/PCU_poultry, the total milligrams/population correction unit in broiler chickens and turkeys combined; AMR Ix, antimicrobial resistance indicator index; CRO-R, ceftriaxone-resistant; GEN-R, gentamicin-resistant, ≥2 Multiclass-R, sum of all isolates that exhibited resistance to 2 or more classes of antimicrobials.