Table 2.
Antimicrobial use frequency (number of flocks reporting use/total number of flocks sampled) in CIPARS broiler chicken and turkey flocks in British Columbia, 2013-2017.
| Years | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | All years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BROILERS | |||||||
| Number of flocks | 26 | 30 | 25 | 32 | 30 | 143 | |
| Feed | |||||||
| II | Penicillin G potassium | 0% | 17% | 20% | 0% | 0% | 7% |
| Penicillin G procaine | 50% | 7% | 24% | 31% | 30% | 28% | |
| Virginiamycin | 54%a | 34% | 36% | 41% | 23%a↓ | 37% | |
| III | Bacitracin | 50% | 45% | 36% | 50% | 50% | 46% |
| NA | Avilamycin | 0% | 7% | 12% | 16% | 23% | 12% |
| No antimicrobials used in feed | 13%a | 34% | 24% | 25% | 37%a↑ | 27% | |
| Water | |||||||
| I | Enrofloxacin | 8% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% |
| II | Amoxicillin | 0% | 0% | 4% | 0% | 3% | 1% |
| Penicillin | 4% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | |
| Penicillin-streptomycin | 0% | 0% | 4% | 3% | 7% | 3% | |
| III | Sulfaquinoxaline | 0% | 3% | 0% | 3% | 0% | 1% |
| Tetracycline | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3% | 1% | |
| Tetracycline-neomycin | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3% | 1% | |
| No antimicrobials used in water | 88% | 93% | 92% | 94% | 90% | 91% | |
| Injections | |||||||
| I | Ceftiofur | 58% | 7% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 12% |
| II | Gentamicin | 12% | 20% | 40% | 6% | 17% | 18% |
| Lincomycin-spectinomycin | 0% | 0% | 20% | 3% | 7% | 6% | |
| No antimicrobials used at the hatchery | 35%a | 73% | 40% | 91% | 77%a↑ | 65% | |
| TURKEYS | |||||||
| Number of flocks | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 27 | 145 | |
| Feed | |||||||
| II | Tylosin | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 7% | 1% |
| Penicillin G potassium | 0% | 0% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 1% | |
| Penicillin G procaine | 0% | 21% | 0% | 3% | 0% | 5% | |
| Virginiamycin | 17%a | 38% | 67% | 33% | 44%a↑ | 40% | |
| Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 4% | 1% | |
| III | Bacitracin | 69% | 55% | 23% | 57% | 52% | 51% |
| Chlortetracycline | 3% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 4% | 2% | |
| No antimicrobials used in feed | 24% | 10% | 17% | 13% | 11% | 15% | |
| Water | |||||||
| I | Enrofloxacin | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 4% | 1% |
| II | Neomycin | 3% | 3% | 0% | 3% | 0% | 2% |
| Penicillin G procaine | 3% | 0% | 3% | 10% | 4% | 4% | |
| Penicillin-streptomycin | 0% | 0% | 0% | 10% | 4% | 3% | |
| III | Oxytetracycline-neomycin | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 4% | 1% |
| Tetracycline | 3% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | |
| Tetracycline-neomycin | 3% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | |
| No antimicrobials used in water | 90% | 93% | 97% | 87% | 93% | 92% | |
| I | Ceftiofur | 3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% |
| II | Gentamicin | 76% | 90% | 73% | 83% | 81% | 81% |
| No antimicrobials used at the hatchery | 21% | 10% | 27% | 17% | 19% | 19% | |
Roman numerals I to IV indicated categories of importance to human medicine as outlined by the Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Canada; N/A not applicable (no classification at the time of writing of this manuscript). Antimicrobials included in the Table are routinely reported by countries to the OIE and include those with GP properties. Please note that there were 3 broiler chicken locks with no feed/water information. Numbers may not add up to 100% as some flocks were treated with multiple antimicrobials during the grow-out cycle (feed, water, injection).
significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference between 2013 and 2017, highlighted in bold fonts. The arrows indicate the direction of the shift (increased or decreased).