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. 2019 May 3;10:980. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00980

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Copyright © 2019 Huang, Chen, Zhang, Li, Huang, Huang, Qin, Chen, Cheng, Ma and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Knockout of Ifnar1 also abolishes the protective effects of polyI:C on the caerulein-induced AP mouse model. (A) Histopathological examination of the effect of polyI:C on Ifnar1^−/− caerulein-induced experimental AP mouse models. Top panel: gross observation; middle panel: H&E staining, 100X magnification; bottom panel: H&E staining, 200X magnification. (B) Histology scores of pancreatitis were evaluated and compared after observing five separate fields. (C) Activities of the serum amylase (left) and lipase (right) from Saline, Caerulein-AP, and PolyI:C+Caerulein-AP Ifnar1^−/− mice were compared via enzymatic methods. (D) mRNA expression levels of Il1b, Cxcl1, and Cxcl2 genes in the pancreatic tissue from Saline, Caerulein-AP, and PolyI:C+Caerulein-AP Ifnar1^−/− mice were detected by RT-qPCR and normalized to Rpl32. (E) Neutrophil infiltrations in the pancreases from Ifnar1^−/− caerulein-induced experimental AP mouse models were measured and compared by MPO staining. Top panel: 100X magnification; bottom panel: 200X magnification. (F) MPO⁺ cells were counted and compared after observing five separate fields. (G) Pancreases neutrophils from the Saline, Caerulein-AP, and PolyI:C+Caerulein-AP Ifnar1^−/− mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ cells were considered as neutrophils. (H) The percentage of neutrophils from indicated groups was calculated and compared. Data of (A,E,G) are representative of three independent experiments. Data of (B,F) are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5) from one representative experiment. Data of (C,D,H) are shown as mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, n.s., not significant, one-way ANOVA test.