Table 4.
Multivariable analyses of factors associated with the consumption of industrialized/ultra-processed salty foods, sweets, and soft drinks by 9th-grade adolescents in the 2015 PeNSE in Brazil.
| Variable | Industrialized/ultra-processed salty foodsa | Sweetsa | Soft drinksa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRa (95% CI) | p | PRa (95% CI) | p | PRa (95% CI) | p | |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Municipality | <0.001 | 0.144 | <0.001 | |||
| Not capital | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Capital | 1.09 (1.06–1.11) | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 1.14 (1.11–1.17) | |||
| School | <0.001 | 0.140 | <0.001 | |||
| Public | 1 | 1 | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | |||
| Private | 1.29 (1.23–1.35) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1 | |||
| Sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1.10 (1.08–1.13) | |||
| Female | 1.12 (1.10–1.15) | 1.35 (1.33–1.38) | 1 | |||
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| 11–13 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 14 years | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | |||
| 15 years | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 1.23 (1.18–1.28) | |||
| 16–19 years | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) | |||
| Availability of food at school | ||||||
| PNAE | 0.014 | 0.463 | 0.003 | |||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| No | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) | |||
| School cafeteria | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) | |||
The multivariable analysis was conducted using the Poisson regression model. The effect measure is the PRa with its respective 95% CI. The model was adjusted for all explanatory variables.
PeNSE: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (National School Health Survey); PNAE: Brazilian School Food Program; PRa: adjusted prevalence ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Bolded p-values denote significance (p < 0.05).
aRegular consumption (at least 5 of the previous 7 days).