Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 1,112) according to the total score on the Japanese food guide (lower score = lower adherence = lower quality diet).
| Total score on the Japanese food guide | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest | Second | Third | Highest | Pdiffence | |
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–49) | 54 (50–57) | 61 (58–63) | 68 (64–80) | — |
| Information at screening | |||||
| Age, years, mean ± standard deviation | 72.5 ± 5.3 | 73.0 ± 5.8 | 73.3 ± 5.6 | 73.5 ± 5.6 | 0.17 |
| Male (%) | 79.3 | 53.6 | 29.2 | 7.7 | <0.0001 |
| History of depression (yes), % | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 0.15 |
| History of diabetes (yes), % | 13.3 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 6.7 | 0.07 |
| History of cancer (yes), % | 15.2 | 17.5 | 10.5 | 9.1 | <0.01 |
| History of stroke (yes), % | 6.6 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.02 |
| History of myocardial infraction (yes), % | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 0.26 |
| Information from baseline survey | |||||
| Post-secondary education, % | 17.2 | 20.6 | 18.4 | 22.3 | 0.31 |
| Information from 5-year follow-up survey | |||||
| Living alone, % | 1.2 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 1.3 | 0.06 |
| Current smoker, % | 38.6 | 19.6 | 10.9 | 3.7 | <0.0001 |
| Regular drinker (yes), % | 71.5 | 44.0 | 31.1 | 19.5 | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity (METs), mean ± standard deviation | 39.1 ± 10.0 | 37.6 ± 9.8 | 37.1 ± 9.4 | 37.3 ± 9.2 | 0.08 |
Abbreviation: MET, metabolic equivalents of task.