Table 2.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for depression according to the quartile of the total score on the Japanese food guide (lower score = lower adherence = lower quality diet).
| Lowest | Second | Third | Highest | Ptrend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total score | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–49) | 54 (50–57) | 61 (58–63) | 68 (64–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 19/237 | 19/272 | 19/248 | 28/270 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.42–1.62) | 0.87 (0.42–1.79) | 1.15 (0.55–2.39) | 0.61 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.45–1.83) | 0.96 (0.45–1.95) | 1.23 (0.58–2.63) | 0.52 |
| Male (n = 460) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 41 (25–44) | 47 (47–50) | 53 (51–56) | 61 (57–75) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 9/96 | 8/108 | 6/116 | 9/108 | — |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.30–2.24) | 0.57 (0.19–1.65) | 0.93 (0.35–2.49) | 0.74 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.28–2.20) | 0.58 (0.19–1.80) | 1.10 (0.38–3.16) | 0.99 |
| Female (n = 652) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 52 (39–55) | 59 (56–61) | 64 (62–61) | 71 (67–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 8/135 | 15/148 | 16/157 | 14/159 | — |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.58 (0.64–3.88) | 1.69 (0.70–4.09) | 1.30 (0.53–3.24) | 0.65 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.46 (0.58–3.67) | 1.77 (0.71–4.41) | 1.16 (0.45–2.97) | 0.78 |
| No past history of depression (n = 1087) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–49) | 54 (50–57) | 61 (58–63) | 68 (64–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 17/229 | 18/270 | 19/243 | 26/265 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.42–1.72) | 0.97 (0.46–2.02) | 1.18 (0.56–2.51) | 0.55 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.42–1.79) | 1.00 (0.47–2.13) | 1.22 (0.56–2.68) | 0.50 |
| No past history of illness (n = 817) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–50) | 55 (51–57) | 61 (58–64) | 68 (65–78) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 13/176 | 11/178 | 16/207 | 20/196 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.36–1.97) | 1.06 (0.47–2.42) | 1.38 (0.58–3.28) | 0.36 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.38–2.18) | 1.17 (0.50–2.73) | 1.47 (0.60–3.61) | 0.30 |
| Not current smoker (n = 917) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 47 (28–51) | 55 (52–58) | 62 (59–64) | 69 (65–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 14/183 | 21/217 | 11/210 | 27/234 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.58–2.47) | 0.64 (0.27–1.52) | 1.32 (0.61–2.87) | 0.68 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.60–2.62) | 0.69 (0.29–1.66) | 1.42 (0.64–3.11) | 0.56 |
| Not regular drinker (n = 660) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 49 (33–53) | 57 (54–60) | 63 (61–65) | 70 (66–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 7/132 | 17/169 | 10/138 | 16/171 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.66 (0.66–4.19) | 1.20 (0.43–3.35) | 1.40 (0.54–3.68) | 0.79 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.59 (0.62–4.06) | 1.23 (0.43–3.46) | 1.37 (0.52–3.62) | 0.80 |
| Not living alone (n = 1089) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–49) | 54 (50–57) | 61 (58–63) | 68 (64–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 19/234 | 19/267 | 18/238 | 27/267 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.42–1.64) | 0.86 (0.42–1.78) | 1.12 (0.54–2.33) | 0.68 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.43–1.72) | 0.91 (0.44–1.91) | 1.19 (0.56–2.52) | 0.56 |
| Not post-secondary education (n = 915) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–49) | 54 (50–57) | 61 (58–63) | 68 (64–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 14/198 | 15/216 | 16/202 | 22/232 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.38–1.85) | 0.87 (0.38–1.99) | 0.99 (0.43–2.28) | 0.92 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.39–1.94) | 0.93 (0.40–2.16) | 1.04 (0.44–2.42) | 0.83 |
| Not sedentary (n = 1010) | |||||
| Median (min–max) score | 45 (25–49) | 54 (50–57) | 61 (58–63) | 68 (64–80) | — |
| No. of cases/controls | 17/222 | 19/239 | 18/223 | 27/245 | — |
| Age, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.49–1.98) | 0.97 (0.46–2.05) | 1.29 (0.60–2.77) | 0.50 |
| Multivariate ORa (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.50–2.06) | 1.01 (0.47–2.17) | 1.36 (0.62–2.96) | 0.42 |
aAdjusted for age, sex, living alone, education, smoking status, alcohol frequency, physical activity, past history of depression, cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus.