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. 2019 May 9;10:2126. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10134-y

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Fig. 6 — Overexpression of Sox17 in ECs induces EC proliferation and regeneration. Mixture of 50 μg plasmid with 100 μl liposomes was injected i.v. 3 h after LPS challenge (12 mg/dose i.p.) in wild-type mice. This plasmid has a Flag-tag added to the N-terminus of Sox17 protein coding region and expression is under the regulation of a mouse Cdh5 promoter. a Confocal microscopy of flag staining with CD31 and DAPI co-staining for nuclei in lung cryo-sections from mice receiving a control vector or a Sox17-construct to over-express Sox17. Scale bar = 50 μm (original panel) and 20 μm (enlarged panel). n = 6. OE, overexpression. b Co-localization coefficient for the fraction of Flag in CD31⁺ cells assesses the transgene expression in the endothelium. The Pearson correlation coefficient is significantly increased in Sox17-overexpressing mice compared to control mice. n = 6. c Western blot analysis and its quantification d showed a significant increase in the flag and Cyclin E1 expression in the pulmonary endothelial cells of mice with 3 days of Sox17 overexpression compared to vector mice. n = 3. e Quantification of BrdU⁺ nuclei in each field of 425 μm² area in lung cryo-sections from vector-overexpressing and Sox17-overexpressing mice. n = 5 per group and 6 technical replicates per sample. Slides are co-stained with CD31-AF594, BrdU-AF488, and DAPI. Both groups show increased BrdU⁺ ECs at day 3 post-LPS as compared to baseline and the response was significantly greater in mice in which ECs overexpressed Sox 17. f Lung transvascular albumin permeability pre-LPS and post-LPS challenge in mice overexpressing endothelial Sox17 and control mice. n = 5. Mice overexpressing Sox17 in ECs showed significantly reduced vascular leakiness post-LPS when compared to control mice. g Survival curve of LPS challenge in control mice and mice over-expressing Sox17 in the endothelium. n = 11 per group. At this lethal dose of LPS (20 mg/kg), the death rate for control mice is 60% while for Sox17-overexpressed mice is 10%. h Model. LPS induces tissue hypoxia due to local oxygen depletion by infiltrating activated neutrophils, thereby stabilizing HIF-1α resulting in upregulation Sox17 expression and Sox17 mediated expression of Cyclin E1. This activates cell cycle re-entry and EC proliferation, and restoration of endothelial integrity. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-tests for (d–f) and Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test for (g)