Table 2.

Comparisons of the ant and plant assemblages in different microhabitats (south-facing slopes, bottoms and north-facing slopes of dolines, and the plateau) with permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA).

	Ants			Plants
	F	R 2	p	F	R 2	p
S-facing slopes vs. Bottoms	20.96	0.327	<0.001	10.88	0.279	<0.001
S-facing slopes vs. N-facing slopes	15.70	0.389	<0.001	7.82	0.349	<0.001
S-facing slopes vs. Plateau	11.37	0.171	<0.001	5.34	0.169	<0.001
N-facing slopes vs. Bottoms	1.35	0.034	0.261	2.86	0.164	<0.001
N-facing slopes vs. Plateau	8.83	0.141	<0.001	6.84	0.204	<0.001
Bottoms vs. Plateau	4.89	0.071	0.004	5.08	0.237	<0.001

The p values were corrected with the FDR (false discovery rate) method. Significant differences are indicated by bold p values.