Table 3.
Differences of Interpersonal Processes of Care Means by Demographic Characteristics in African American Patients with SLE
| Gender | Age | Educational attainment | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPC Domains/scales/subdomains | Overall | Female n=650 | Male n=48 | P value | 18–34 n=149 | 35–54 n=322 | 55+ n=227 | P value | ≤ HS n=241 | Some College n=243 | College+ n=208 | P value |
| 1. Communication | ||||||||||||
| Hurried communication (−) | 1.72 ± 0.75 | 1.75 ± 0.76 | 1.44 ± 0.61 | 0.0014 | 1.73 ± 0.69 | 1.74 ± 0.76 | 1.70 ± 0.79 | 0.54 | 1.62 ± 0.71 | 1.81 ± 0.82 | 1.75 ± 0.72 | 0.044 |
| Lack of clarity (−) | 1.89 ± 0.89 | 1.90 ± 0.90 | 1.64 ± 0.83 | 0.025 | 1.93 ± 0.83 | 1.91 ± 0.91 | 1.81 ± 0.91 | 0.14 | 1.84 ± 0.90 | 1.96 ± 0.96 | 1.84 ± 0.81 | 0.44 |
| Hurried, distracted (−) | 1.62 ± 0.80 | 1.64 ± 0.81 | 1.31 ± 0.54 | 0.0027 | 1.60 ± 0.73 | 1.62 ± 0.80 | 1.62 ± 0.83 | >0.99 | 1.47 ± 0.74 | 1.70 ± 0.86 | 1.69 ± 0.77 | 0.0002 |
| Elicited concerns, responded (+) | 4.15 ± 0.90 | 4.14 ± 0.91 | 4.35 ± 0.75 | 0.15 | 4.14 ± 0.85 | 4.11 ± 0.93 | 4.22 ± 0.89 | 0.31 | 4.25 ± 0.84 | 4.09 ± 0.97 | 4.12 ± 0.88 | 0.16 |
| Explained results, meds (+) | 3.86 ± 1.08 | 3.84 ± 1.08 | 4.08 ± 0.95 | 0.14 | 3.87 ± 1.10 | 3.84 ± 1.09 | 3.87 ± 1.04 | 0.92 | 4.13 ± 0.98 | 3.70 ± 1.14 | 3.73 ± 1.06 | <0.0001 |
| Explained results (+) | 4.14 ± 1.08 | 4.14 ± 1.07 | 4.25 ± 1.09 | 0.28 | 4.03 ± 1.12 | 4.11 ± 1.09 | 4.27 ± 1.01 | 0.13 | 4.36 ± 0.98 | 3.99 ± 1.14 | 4.06 ± 1.07 | <0.0001 |
| Explained medications (+) | 3.57 ± 1.28 | 3.55 ± 1.29 | 3.91 ± 1.21 | 0.057 | 3.72 ± 1.24 | 3.57 ± 1.31 | 3.48 ± 1.26 | 0.18 | 3.89 ± 1.19 | 3.43 ± 1.33 | 3.39 ± 1.25 | <0.0001 |
| 2. Decision Making | ||||||||||||
| PC decision making (+) | 3.17 ± 1.29 | 3.14 ± 1.29 | 3.63 ± 1.26 | 0.01 | 3.32 ± 1.29 | 3.16 ± 1.32 | 3.09 ± 1.25 | 0.22 | 3.29 ± 1.27 | 3.16 ± 1.32 | 3.08 ± 1.27 | 0.24 |
| Asked patient (+) | 3.16 ± 1.42 | 3.13 ± 1.42 | 3.64 ± 1.38 | 0.015 | 3.27 ± 1.42 | 3.16 ± 1.45 | 3.10 ± 1.37 | 0.50 | 3.30 ± 1.39 | 3.18 ± 1.45 | 3.01 ± 1.40 | 0.089 |
| Decided together (+) | 3.19 ± 1.39 | 3.16 ± 1.39 | 3.60 ± 1.37 | 0.029 | 3.35 ± 1.37 | 3.18 ± 1.42 | 3.09 ± 1.34 | 0.17 | 3.26 ± 1.42 | 3.14 ± 1.37 | 3.18 ± 1.37 | 0.61 |
| 3. Interpersonal Style | ||||||||||||
| Compassionate, respectful (+) | 4.15 ± 0.91 | 4.13 ± 0.92 | 4.44 ± 0.68 | 0.034 | 4.17 ± 0.92 | 4.11 ± 0.94 | 4.20 ± 0.86 | 0.75 | 4.30 ± 0.83 | 4.06 ± 1.00 | 4.09 ± 0.88 | 0.014 |
| Emotional support, comp (+) | 4.08 ± 0.99 | 4.06 ± 1.00 | 4.35 ± 0.81 | 0.072 | 4.07 ± 1.00 | 4.01 ± 1.04 | 4.17 ± 0.91 | 0.37 | 4.16 ± 0.97 | 3.99 ± 1.06 | 4.07 ± 0.92 | 0.18 |
| Respectful (+) | 4.27 ± 0.94 | 4.24 ± 0.95 | 4.57 ± 0.66 | 0.027 | 4.31 ± 0.93 | 4.26 ± 0.95 | 4.25 ± 0.93 | 0.60 | 4.49 ± 0.77 | 4.16 ± 1.03 | 4.12 ± 0.96 | <0.0001 |
| Discrimination (−) | 1.42 ± 0.72 | 1.42 ± 0.72 | 1.35 ± 0.81 | 0.21 | 1.47 ± 0.79 | 1.36 ± 0.69 | 1.46 ± 0.72 | 0.11 | 1.29 ± 0.65 | 1.43 ± 0.77 | 1.55 ± 0.73 | <0.0001 |
| Assumed SES (−) | 1.52 ± 0.94 | 1.52 ± 0.94 | 1.52 ± 1.04 | 0.69 | 1.59 ± 0.94 | 1.47 ± 0.94 | 1.55 ± 0.96 | 0.033 | 1.37 ± 0.88 | 1.49 ± 0.96 | 1.73 ± 0.96 | <0.0001 |
| Discriminated due to race (−) | 1.32 ± 0.71 | 1.34 ± 0.70 | 1.17 ± 0.72 | 0.0093 | 1.35 ± 0.81 | 1.28 ± 0.64 | 1.38 ± 0.71 | 0.056 | 1.22 ± 0.65 | 1.37 ± 0.76 | 1.40 ± 0.70 | 0.0004 |
| Disrespectful office staff (−) | 1.39 ± 0.73 | 1.39 ± 0.73 | 1.34 ± 0.74 | 0.28 | 1.43 ± 0.81 | 1.36 ± 0.67 | 1.41 ± 0.75 | 0.92 | 1.28 ± 0.66 | 1.44 ± 0.75 | 1.46 ± 0.77 | 0.0013 |
Domains are underlined, scales are in italic font, subdomains are indented. A higher score indicates higher frequency of the labeled construct. Abbreviations HS: high school; meds: medications; PC: patient-centered; comp: compassionate; SES: socioeconomic status. P-values are calculated with Wilcoxon Rank-sum test or Kruskal Wallis test.