Figure 4.

PTMs can have either a suppressive or a promoting effect on phase separation and RNP granule formation. Color code in legend indicates the respective PTM. For details and references see text. A, in vitro: PTMs were shown to reduce or enhance phase separation of the indicated RBP or LCD or IDR. B, in cells: PTMs can regulate the assembly, disassembly, and composition of different RNP granules, e.g. SG, PB, and Bb, and of amyloid-like aggregates (orange). An arrow pointing up indicates a promotion of condensate formation or RBP recruitment by the respective PTM, and an arrow pointing down indicates condensate disassembly or RBP exclusion from the condensate by the respective PTM.