Table 1.

Characteristics of study population.

	Controls N = 21	Obese patients N = 25
Gender (male/female)	9/12	9/16
Age (yr)	8.23 ± 3.19	10.8 ± 2.6
Tanner Stage (I, II, III, IV, V)	6,10,4,1,0	8,11,4,2,0
Height SDS	0.36 ± 1.02	0.23 ± 1.48
Weight SDS	0.43 ± 0.87	2.22 ± 0.70**
BMI-SDS	0.25 ± 0.78	2.31 ± 0.41**
Waist circumference (cm)	72.5 ± 7.2	92.04 ± 23.08**
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	154.8 ± 28.32	164 ± 33.18
HDL (mg/dl)	55.67 ± 9.30	49.08 ± 8.13
LDL (mg/dl)	97.10 ± 21.03	107.54 ± 37.62
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	67.24 ± 19.16	73.00 ± 32.74
Insulin (microU/mL)	9.78 ± 4.50	24.60 ± 12.02**
Glucose (ml/dl)	81.16 ± 7.14	87.22 ± 11.35
HOMA-IR	2.56 ± 0.40	4.93 ± 1.91**
25-OH Vitamin D (ng/ml)	38.64 ± 14.70	29.70 ± 12.89
Osteocalcin (ng/ml)	38.26 ± 19.22	47.44 ± 21.02
PTH (pg/ml)	43.05 ± 15.06	44.07 ± 17.09
Calcium (mg/dl)	9.71 ± 0.40	9.43 ± 0.41
Phosphorus (mg/dl)	4.54 ± 1.4	4.54 ± 0.51
Ad-Sos-Z-score	0.48 ± 0.85	−1.05 ± 1.17*
BTT-Z-score	0.15 ± 0.72	−0.39 ± 1.23*
RANKL (pg/ml)	87.18 ± 17.82	115.48 ± 35.20§
OPG (pg/ml)	436.75 ± 95.53	378.02 ± 61.15§

SDS, standard deviation score; BMI, body mass index; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; B-ALP, bone alkaline phosphatase; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin. §p < 0.01;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.001.